Cogprints

Response Dynamics of Entorhinal Cortex in Awake, Anesthetized, and Bulbotomized Rats. <i>Brain Research</i> <b>911</b>(2)

Ahrens, Kurt F. and Freeman, Walter J. (2001) Response Dynamics of Entorhinal Cortex in Awake, Anesthetized, and Bulbotomized Rats. <i>Brain Research</i> <b>911</b>(2). [Preprint]

Full text available as:

[img] PDF
1213Kb

Abstract

The generation of oscillatory activity may be crucial to brain function. The coordination of individual neurons into rhythmic and coherently active populations is thought to result from interactions between excitatory and inhibitory cells mediated by local feedback connections. By using extracellular recording wires and silicon microprobes to measure electrically evoked damped oscillatory responses at the level of neural populations in the entorhinal cortex, and by using current-source density analysis to determine the spatial pattern of evoked responses, we show that the propagation of activity through the cortical circuit and consequent oscillations in the local field potential are dependent upon background neural activity. Pharmacological manipulations as well as surgical disconnection of the olfactory bulb serve to quell the background excitatory input incident to entorhinal cortex, resulting in evoked responses without characteristic oscillations and showing no signs of polysynaptic feedback. Electrical stimulation at 200 Hz applied to the lateral olfactory tract provides a substitute for the normal background activity emanating from the bulb and enables the generation of oscillatory responses once again. We conclude that a nonzero background level of activity is necessary and sufficient to sustain normal oscillatory responses and polysynaptic transmission through the entorhinal cortex.

Item Type:Preprint
Keywords:Oscillation, nonlinear dynamics, limbic system, olfactory system, local field potential, current source density
Subjects:Neuroscience > Neurophysiology
ID Code:1676
Deposited By: Ahrens, Kurt F.
Deposited On:15 Aug 2001
Last Modified:11 Mar 2011 08:54

References in Article

Select the SEEK icon to attempt to find the referenced article. If it does not appear to be in cogprints you will be forwarded to the paracite service. Poorly formated references will probably not work.

[1]Alonso, A. and E. Garcia-Austt, Neuronal sources of theta rhythm in the entorhinal cortex of the rat. I. Laminar distribution of theta field potentials, Experimental Brain Research. 67 (1987) 493-501.

[2]Anchel, H. and D.B. Lindsley, Differentiation of Two Reticulo-hypothalamic Systems Regulating Hippocampal Activity, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 32 (1972) 209-226.

[3]Baker, S.N., E. Olivier, and R.N. Lemon, Coherent oscillations in monkey motor cortex and hand muscle EMG show task-dependent modulation, Journal of Physiology (Cambridge). 501 (1997) 225-241.

[4]Biedenbach, M. and W. Freeman, Linear domain of potentials from the prepyriform cortex with respect to stimulus parameters, Experimental Neurology. 11 (1965) 400-417.

[5]Boeijinga, P.H. and F.H. Lopes da Silva, Differential distribution of beta and theta EEG activity in the entorhinal cortex of the cat, Brain Research. 448 (1988) 272-86.

[6]Brankack, J., M. Stewart, and S.E. Fox, Current source density analysis of the hippocampal theta rhythm: associated sustained potentials and candidate synaptic generators, Brain Research. 615 (1993) 310-27.

[7]Bressler, S.L., The gamma wave: a cortical information carrier?, Trends in Neurosciences. 13 (1990) 161-162.

[8]Bressler, S.L. and W.J. Freeman, Frequency analysis of olfactory system EEG in cat, rabbit, and rat, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 50 (1980) 19-24.

[9]Chrobak, J.J. and G. Buzsaki, Gamma oscillations in the entorhinal cortex of the freely behaving rat, Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (1998) 388-98.

[10]Cytowic, R.E., The Neurological Side of Neuropsychiatry. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996, pp. 529.

[11]Dickson, C.T., I.J. Kirk, S.D. Oddie, and B.H. Bland, Classification of theta-related cells in the entorhinal cortex: cell discharges are controlled by the ascending brainstem synchronizing pathway in parallel with hippocampal theta-related cells, Hippocampus. 5 (1995) 306-19.

[12]Eeckman, F.H. and W.J. Freeman, Correlations between unit firing and EEG in the rat olfactory system, Brain Research. 528 (1990) 238-244.

[13]Eeckman, F.H. and W.J. Freeman, Asymmetric sigmoid non-linearity in the rat olfactory system, Brain Research. 557 (1991) 13-21.

[14]Fee, M.S., P.P. Mitra, and D. Kleinfeld, Central versus peripheral determinants of patterned spike activity in rat vibrissa cortex during whisking, Journal of Neurophysiology (Bethesda). 78 (1997) 1144-1149.

[15]Fettiplace, R., Electrical tuning of hair cells in the inner ear, Trends in Neurosciences. 10 (1987) 421-425.

[16]Freeman, W., Repetitive electrical stimulation of prepyriform cortex in cat, Journal of Neurophysiology. 23 (1960) 383-396.

[17]Freeman, W.J., A Linear Distributed Feedback Model for Prepyriform Cortex, Experimental Neurology. 10 (1964) 525-547.

[18]Freeman, W.J., Patterns of variation in waveform of averaged evoked potentials from prepyriform cortex of cats, Journal of Neurophysiology. 31 (1968) 1-13.

[19]Freeman, W.J., Linear analysis of the dynamics of neural masses, Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering. 1 (1972) 225-56.

[20]Freeman, W.J., Measurement of Open-Loop Responses to Electrical Stimulation in Olfactory Bulb of Cat, Journal of Neurophysiology. 35 (1972) 745-761.

[21]Freeman, W.J., Measurement of oscillatory responses to electrical stimulation in olfactory bulb of cat, Journal of Neurophysiology. 35 (1972) 762-79.

[22]Freeman, W.J., Mass action in the nervous system : examination of the neurophysiological basis of adaptive behavior through the EEG. Academic Press, New York, 1975, pp. xx, 489 p.

[23]Freeman, W.J., Nonlinear gain mediating cortical stimulus-response relations, Biological Cybernetics. 33 (1979) 237-47.

[24]Freeman, W.J., Valium, Histamine, and Neural Networks, Biological Psychiatry. 34 (1993) 1-2.

[25]Hölscher, C., R. Anwyl, and M.J. Rowan, Stimulation on the positive phase of hippocampal theta rhythm induces long-term potentiation that can be depotentiated by stimulation on the negative phase in area CA1 in vivo, Journal Of Neuroscience. 17 (1997) 6470-6477.

[26]Jesberger, J.A. and J.S. Richardson, Animal models of depression: parallels and correlates to severe depression in humans, Biological Psychiatry. 20 (1985) 764-84.

[27]Johnston, G.A. and M. Willow, Barbiturates and GABA receptors, Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology. 26 (1981) 191-8.

[28]Kelly, J.P., A.S. Wrynn, and B.E. Leonard, The olfactory bulbectomized rat as a model of depression: an update, Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 74 (1997) 299-316.

[29]Ketchum, K.L. and L.B. Haberly, Membrane currents evoked by afferent fiber stimulation in rat piriform cortex. I. Current source-density analysis, J Neurophysiol. 69 (1993) 248-60.

[30]Klink, R. and A. Alonso, Ionic mechanisms for the subthreshold oscillations and differential electroresponsiveness of medial entorhinal cortex layer II neurons, Journal of Neurophysiology. 70 (1993) 144-57.

[31]Kramis, R., C.H. Vanderwolf, and B.H. Bland, Two Types of Hippocampal Rhythmical Slow Activity in Both the Rabbit and the Rat: Relations to Behavior and Effects of Atropine, Diethyl Ether, Urethane, and Pentobarbital, Experimental Neurology. 49 (1975) 58-85.

[32]Mitzdorf, U., Properties of the evoked potential generators: current source-density analysis of visually evoked potentials in the cat cortex, International Journal of Neuroscience. 33 (1987) 33-59.

[33]Paxinos, G. and C. Watson, The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. 2nd ed ed. Academic Press, Sydney, Orlando, 1986, pp. xxvi, [237] p.

[34]Siklos, L., M. Rickmann, F. Joo, W.J. Freeman, and a.J.R. Wolff, Chloride is Preferentially Acclumulated in a Subpopulation of Dendrites and Periglomerular Cells of the Main Olfactory Bulb in Adult Rats, Neuroscience. 64 (1995) 165-172.

[35]Tenke, C.E., C.E. Schroeder, J.C. Arezzo, and H.G. Vaughan, Jr., Interpretation of High-Resolution Current Source Density Profiles A Simulation of Sublaminar Contributions To the Visual Evoked Potential, Experimental Brain Research. 94 (1993) 183-192.

[36]Traub, R.D., M.A. Whittington, S.B. Colling, G. Buzsaki, and J.G.R. Jefferys, Analysis of gamma rhythms in the rat hippocampus in vitro and in vivo, Journal of Physiology (Cambridge). 493 (1996) 471-484.

[37]Welker, W.I., Analysis of sniffing of the albino rat, Behaviour. 22 (1964) 223-244.

[38]Willey, T.J. and W.J. Freeman, Alteration of prepyriform evoked response following prolonged electrical stimulation, Am J Physiol. 215 (1968) 1435-41.

[39]Wouterlood, F.G. and J. Nederlof, Terminations of olfactory afferents on layer II and III neurons in the entorhinal area: degeneration-Golgi-electron microscopic study in the rat, Neuroscience Letters. 36 (1983) 105-10.

Metadata

Repository Staff Only: item control page

Cogprints is powered by EPrints 3 which is developed by the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton. More information and software credits.