?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Do+patients+with+damage+to+the+anterior+cingulate+and+adjacent+regions+produce+an+error-related+negativity+(ERN)%3F&rft.creator=Stemmer%2C+Brigitte&rft.creator=Segalowitz%2C+Sidney+J.&rft.creator=Witzke%2C+Wolfgang&rft.creator=Lacher%2C+Sieglinde&rft.creator=Schoenle%2C+Paul+Walter&rft.subject=Neuropsychology&rft.description=Averaged+EEG+trials+to+erroneous+responses+consistently+show+a+negative-going+waveform+which+has+been+coined+the+error-related+negativity+(ERN)+(for+a+summary+see+Falkenstein+et+al.%2C+2000).++Evidence+points+to+the+neural+generator+of+the+ERN+to+be+distributed+somewhere+along+the+medial+prefrontal+cortex%2C+most+likely+within+the+anterior+cingulate.+This+suggests+that+patients+with+lesions+in+the+anterior+cingulate+region+should+not+produce+an+ERN.+In+order+to+test+this+hypothesis%2C+we+investigated+five+patients+with+a+ruptured+aneurysm+of+the+anterior+communicating+artery+(AACA)+leading+to+damage+of+neural+substrates+in+the+anterior+cingulate+region.+Four+of+the+five+patients+did+not+produce+an+ERN+in+one+paradigm%2C+or+they+produced+a+highly+deviant+waveform.+These+results+contrast+with+findings+showing+that+patients+with+damage+involving+the+lateral+prefrontal+cortex+do+produce+an+ERN+(Gehring+%26+Knight%2C+2000).+This+dissociation+suggests+that+the+anterior+cingulate+region+is+essential+to+initiate+the+ERN+response.+One+patient+showed+an+ERN+in+both+paradigms+possibly+due+to+damage+that+differed+from+that+of+the+other+patients%2C+or+individual+variation.+%0AIt+has+further+been+suggested+that+elicitation+of+the+ERN+is+dependent+on+overt+error+awareness.++Two+of+our+patients+showed+relatively+good+cognitive+functioning+compared+to+the+other+patients%2C+and+during+EEG+recording+they+noticed+when+they+had+made+an+error+as+indicated+by+swearing%2C+comments+or+gestures.+Nevertheless%2C+one+of+the+two+patient+clearly+did+not+show+an+ERN+in+both+paradigms%2C+and+the+other+patient+did+show+an+ERN+in+one+but+not+in+the+other+paradigm.+It+thus+seems+that+awareness+of+errors+as+signaled+by+overt+error+detection+may+be+mediated+by+circuits+outside+of+those+necessary+for+ERN+production.+&rft.date=2000&rft.type=Conference+Poster&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1060%2F2%2FSpr_poster02_C_o00.PDF&rft.identifier=++Stemmer%2C+Brigitte+and+Segalowitz%2C+Sidney+J.+and+Witzke%2C+Wolfgang+and+Lacher%2C+Sieglinde+and+Schoenle%2C+Paul+Walter++(2000)+Do+patients+with+damage+to+the+anterior+cingulate+and+adjacent+regions+produce+an+error-related+negativity+(ERN)%3F++%5BConference+Poster%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1060%2F