@misc{cogprints1372,
          volume = {16},
           title = {Locomotor activity in relation to dopamine and noradrenaline in the nucleus accumbens, septal and frontalk areas: a 6-hydroxydopamine study},
          author = {R.D. Oades and K. Taghzouti and J-M. Rivet and H. Simon and M. Le Moal},
       publisher = {S.Karger},
            year = {1986},
           pages = {37--42},
         journal = {Neuropsychobiology},
        keywords = {locomotion, noradrenaline, NA, dopamine, DA, DOPAC, accumbens, septum, frontal cortex, mesolimbic, mesocortical ventral tegmental area, VTA, circadian rhythm, novelty, apomorphine, habituation, rat},
             url = {http://cogprints.org/1372/},
        abstract = {The Study and the Method: 
The locomotor activity of adult male Sprague-Dawley was automatically recorded in a circular corridor - circadian changes are described as well as the response to the novel situation and its habituation over three hours.
Four groups of animals were compared, - those with sham/vehicle operations and those with 6-OHDA dopamine (DA) depleting lesions in - 
the frontal cortex,
the limbic septum, and
the ventral tegmental area (VTA - A10). 

Results: 
1/ Lesions of the VTA resulted in increased dark-phase activity, - and a large response to an apomorphine challenge in comparison to other lesion and control groups:
2/ Septal 6-OHDA lesions did not alter locomotion:
3/ After frontal DA depletion there was a small increase of locomotion after the apomorphine challenge, that might reflect increased receptor sensitivity in cortical or sub-cortical areas:
(Table 1: HPLC measures of NA, DA and DOPAC for each group in the prefrontal cortex, septum and N. accumbens) 

Figure 1 illustrates the cumulative photocell counts per hour over 24 hours for the 4 groups:.
Figure 2 illustrates the cumulative photocell counts every 10 minutes over 90 minutes post-apomorphine treatment - maximal at 20-30 minutes and habituating over 60 minutes (90 minutes for the VTA group): overall activity VTA {\ensuremath{>}}{\ensuremath{>}} Frontal {\ensuremath{>}} Septal {\ensuremath{>}} Controls.

Conclusions:
Along with correlations found for motor activity with cortical levels of DA and NA, these results are interpreted to support a role for DA, NA and the region of the frontal cortex in modulating locomotion that is primarily mediated by mesolimbic VTA - accumbens - DA activity.
}
}

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