---
abstract: |
  The tone languages of sub-Saharan Africa
  raise challenging questions for the design
  of new writing systems.  Marking too much or too little tone can have
  grave consequences for the usability of an orthography.
  Orthography development, past and present, rests on a
  raft of sociolinguistic issues having little to do with the
  technical phonological concerns that usually preoccupy orthographers.
  Some of these issues
  are familiar from the spelling reforms which have taken place
  in European languages.  However, many of the issues faced in
  sub-Saharan Africa are
  different, being concerned with the creation of new writing systems
  in a multi-ethnic context: residual colonial influences, the
  construction of new nation-states, detribalization versus
  culture preservation and language reclamation, and so on.
  Language development projects which crucially rely on creating
  or revising orthographies may founder if they do not attend to
  the various layers of identity that are indexed by orthography:
  whether colonial, national, ethnic, local or individual identity.
  In this study, I review the history and politics
  of orthography in Cameroon, with a focus on tone marking.
  The paper concludes by calling present-day orthographers to
  a deeper and broader understanding of orthographic issues. 
altloc: []
chapter: ~
commentary: ~
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creators_id: []
creators_name:
  - family: Bird
    given: Steven
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
date: 2001
date_type: published
datestamp: 2001-04-14
department: ~
dir: disk0/00/00/14/46
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editors_name:
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    given: William
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
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eprintid: 1446
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full_text_status: public
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ispublished: inpress
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keywords: |-
  indigenous languages; African languages; orthography;
  tone-marking; language planning
lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:37
latitude: ~
longitude: ~
metadata_visibility: show
note: ~
number: 2
pagerange: 131-162
pubdom: FALSE
publication: Written Language and Literacy
publisher: John Benjamins
refereed: TRUE
referencetext: |
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  \end{thebibliography}
relation_type: []
relation_uri: []
reportno: ~
rev_number: 14
series: ~
source: ~
status_changed: 2007-09-12 16:37:49
subjects:
  - ling-phono
succeeds: ~
suggestions: ~
sword_depositor: ~
sword_slug: ~
thesistype: ~
title: Orthography and Identity in Cameroon
type: journalp
userid: 1656
volume: 4
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