?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=The+development+of+food+search+behavior+by+rats%3A+the+effects+of+hippocampal+damage+and+haloperidol&rft.creator=Oades%2C+&rft.creator=Isaacson%2C+&rft.subject=Behavioral+Neuroscience&rft.subject=Behavioral+Biology&rft.subject=Neuropharmacology&rft.subject=Neuropsychiatry&rft.subject=Psychobiology&rft.description=Introduction%3A+%0AThe+aim+of+the+study+was+to+see+if+some+of+the+effects+of+hippocampal+brain+damage+on+attention-related+function+may+be+mediated+perhaps+trans-synaptically+in+the+dopamine+(DA)+system.%0A%0AMethods%3A%0AA+food+search+task+in+a+16-hole+board+was+developed+(based+on+search+studies+used+to+investigate+the+avian+hippocampus+(Oades+1976)%2C+but+suitable+for+rodents).+Food-deprived+rats+were+required+to+locate+4+pellets+located+in+4+of+16+holes+in+an+enclosed+arena.%0AThree+groups+of+animals+were+studied+in+11+test+sessions+%3A+-+rats+with+bilateral+hippocampal+aspiration+lesions%2C+bilateral+neocortical+damage+(overlying+the+hippocampus)%2C+and+an+unoperated+group.+Half+of+each+group+received+haloperidol+(DA+D2+antagonist)+and+half+saline+before+sessions+4+through+10.+No+injections+were+administered+on+the+first+three+or+the+last+test+session.%0A%0AResults%3A+%0A1%2F+Animals+with+hippocampal+damage+visited+more+non-food+holes+(errors)+than+the+controls%2C+AND+did+not+develop+consistent+sequences+of+food-hole+visits+as+the+other+animals+did.%0A2%2F+In+unoperated+controls+haloperidol+reduced+the+number+of+preferred+sequences+of+food-hole+visits%2C+WITHOUT+affecting+the+efficiency+of+performance+as+measured+by+the+number+of+non-food-holes+visited+(i.e.%2C+the+number+of+errors+did+not+increase).%0A3%2F+Haloperidol+treatment+of+those+with+hippocampal+damage+%0Areduced+the+number+of+non-food-hole+visits+(i.e.+reduced+the+number+of+errors+made+in+comparison+to+the+saline+treated+animals+with+hippocampal+damage).%0A%0AConclusions%3A%0AIt+is+likely+that+hippocampal+damage+incurs+increased+DA+activity+elsewhere+that+for+the+search+task+is+not+adaptive+and+brings+about+an+increase+in+the+number+of+errors+made.+This+contrasts+with+the+normal+development+of+a+consistent+sequence+of+food-hole+visits+(individually+specific)+-+one+form+of+working+memory+aid+-+that+is+disrupted+by+haloperidol+and+by+hippocampal+damage.+Neuroleptic+treatment+of+the+hippocampal+animals+did+not+reinstate+this+preferred+sequence+but+by+dampening+DA+activity+(reducing+switching+between+alternatives%2C+Oades+1985)+improved+attention-related+search+performance+by+decreasing+the+number+of+erros+made.%0A%0AThis+result+may+be+seen+post-hoc+as+a+model+for+some+of+the+functions+disturbed+in+schizophrenia+-+where+there+is+evidence+for+impaired+medial+temporal+lobe+function+(hippoicampus%2C+parahippocampal+gyrus)+and+often+hyper-active+DA+systems%2C+sometimes+ameliorated+through+neuroleptic+treatment+(see+further+studies+by+Lipska+and+Weinberger%3A+e.g.+Lipska+et+al.+1992%3B+1993%2C+1994%2C+1995%3B+Sams-Dodd+et+al.%2C+1997%3B+Wood+et+al.%2C+1997).%0A&rft.publisher=Academic+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1521%2F2%2Fhpc-search-rat-78.pdf&rft.identifier=++Oades%2C++and+Isaacson%2C+++(1978)+The+development+of+food+search+behavior+by+rats%3A+the+effects+of+hippocampal+damage+and+haloperidol.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1521%2F