?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Turing+Indistinguishability+and+the+Blind+Watchmaker&rft.creator=Harnad%2C+Stevan&rft.subject=Evolution&rft.subject=Cognitive+Psychology&rft.subject=Evolutionary+Psychology&rft.description=+Many+special+problems+crop+up+when+evolutionary+theory+turns%2C+quite+naturally%2C+to+the+question+of+the%0Aadaptive+value+and+causal+role+of+consciousness+in+human+and+nonhuman+organisms.+One+problem+is+that+--+unless+we+are%0Ato+be+dualists%2C+treating+it+as+an+independent+nonphysical+force+--+consciousness+could+not+have+had+an+independent+adaptive%0Afunction+of+its+own%2C+over+and+above+whatever+behavioral+and+physiological+functions+it+%22supervenes%22+on%2C+because+evolution%0Ais+completely+blind+to+the+difference+between+a+conscious+organism+and+a+functionally+equivalent+(Turing+Indistinguishable)%0Anonconscious+%22Zombie%22+organism%3A+In+other+words%2C+the+Blind+Watchmaker%2C+a+functionalist+if+ever+there+was+one%2C+is+no+more%0Aa+mind+reader+than+we+are.+Hence+Turing-Indistinguishability+%3D+Darwin-Indistinguishability.+It+by+no+means+follows+from%0Athis%2C+however%2C+that+human+behavior+is+therefore+to+be+explained+only+by+the+push-pull+dynamics+of+Zombie+determinism%2C+as%0Adictated+by+calculations+of+%22inclusive+fitness%22+and+%22evolutionarily+stable+strategies.%22+We+are+conscious%2C+and%2C+more+important%2C%0Athat+consciousness+is+piggy-backing+somehow+on+the+vast+complex+of+unobservable+internal+activity+--+call+it+%22cognition%22+--%0Athat+is+really+responsible+for+generating+all+of+our+behavioral+capacities.+Hence%2C+except+in+the+palpable+presence+of+the%0Airrational+(e.g.%2C+our+sexual+urges)+where+distal+Darwinian+factors+still+have+some+proximal+sway%2C+it+is+as+sensible+to+seek+a%0ADarwinian+rather+than+a+cognitive+explanation+for+most+of+our+current+behavior+as+it+is+to+seek+a+cosmological+rather+than+an%0Aengineering+explanation+of+an+automobile's+behavior.+Let+evolutionary+theory+explain+what+shaped+our+cognitive+capacity%0A(Steklis+%26+Harnad+1976%3B+Harnad+1996%2C+but+let+cognitive+theory+explain+our+resulting+behavior.+&rft.publisher=Amsterdam%3A+John+Benjamins&rft.contributor=Fetzer%2C+J.&rft.contributor=Mulhauser%2C+G.&rft.date=2001&rft.type=Book+Chapter&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1615%2F1%2Fharnad98.turing.evol.html&rft.identifier=++Harnad%2C+Stevan++(2001)+Turing+Indistinguishability+and+the+Blind+Watchmaker.++%5BBook+Chapter%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1615%2F