?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Eating+and+drinking+as+a+function+of+maintenance+schedule&rft.creator=Verplanck%2C+W+S&rft.creator=Hayes%2C+J+R&rft.subject=Behavioral+Analysis&rft.subject=Animal+Behavior&rft.subject=Behavioral+Biology&rft.subject=Physiological+Psychology&rft.description=Animals+without+water+do+not+eat+as+much+food+as+usual%2C+and+hungry+animals+do+not+drink+much+water+(4%2C+8%2C+13%2C+16%2C+17%2C+20).+Animals+drink+more+after+meals+than+at+other+times.+The+dog+and+hen+(13)+and+the+rat+(20)+show+a+drop+in+food+intake+during+water+deprivation.+Dogs+(5%2C+11)+and+rats+(20)+similarly+drop+in+water+intake+during+food+deprivation.+Rats+drink+more+after+a+period+of+water+deprivation+during+which+food+is+available+than+after+a+similar+period+with+no+food+available+(17).+The+corresponding+case+for+food+intake+apparently+has+not+been+investigated.+After+protracted+periods+of+food+or+water+deprivation%2C+rats+exceed+in+both+drinking+and+eating+their+average+value+before+deprivation+(4).++No+systematic+sets+of+data+are+available+on+these+phenomena+as+they+are+encountered+in+studies+of+learning%2C+although+their+signifigance+for+theoretical+formulations+of+%22motivation%22+and+learning+has+not+escaped+some+investigators+(9%2C+p.234%3B+22).+Recent+studies+on+%22drive+interaction%2C%22+%22drive+discrimination%2C%22+and+on+%22cognitions%22+have+involved+the+control+of+the+behavior+of+food-deprived+and+of+water-deprived+rats+by+food+and+water+placed+in+goal+boxes+and+alleys+(21).+These+have+not+had+uniform+results%2C+so+that+it+is+pertinent+to+examine+the+matter+more+closely.++Today's+learning+theorists+are+in+fair+agreement+on+a+definition+of+%22drive.%22+This+concept+is+an+intervening+variable%2C+explicitly+involving+two+sets+of+operations+and+implicitly+a+third.2+The+first+operations+establish+drives%3B+e.g.%2C+for+hunger+and+thirst%2C+the+animal+is+deprived+of+food+and+water%2C+respectively%2C+for+a+stated+number+of+hours.+The+second+class+of+operations+is+the+measurement+of+classes+of+behavior+(running%2C+bar+pressing%2C+eating)+that+vary+with+the+duration+of+the+preceding+deprivation.+The+third%2C+implicit%2C+operation+is+that+of+satiation%2C+usually+giving+the+animal+access+to+food+and+water+long+enough+so+that+it+neither+eats+nor+drinks+for+a+specified+period.+%22Satiation%22+operations+vary+considerably.++In+this+experiment%2C+the+operations+are+depriving+the+animal+of+food+or+water%2C+or+both%2C+through+stated+intervals+of+time+following+free+feeding+and+free+drinking.+The+measure+of+behavior+chosen+is+the+total+weight%2C+in+grams%2C+of+food+and+water+ingested+by+the+animal+in+the+first+hour+following+the+period+of+deprivation.+The+adequacy+of+these+measures+has+been+established+by+others+(1%2C+p.128%3B+2%2C+7%2C+15%2C+18%2C+19).++The+general+plan+of+the+experiment+and+the+values+of+the+variables+investigated+have+been+chosen+to+provide+data+useful+for+the+interpretation+of+experimental+data+in+the+field+of+learning.&rft.date=1953&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F163%2F1%2Fbiblio14.html&rft.identifier=++Verplanck%2C+W+S+and+Hayes%2C+J+R++(1953)+Eating+and+drinking+as+a+function+of+maintenance+schedule.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F163%2F