creators_name: Harnad, Stevan type: journalp datestamp: 2001-07-18 lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:45 metadata_visibility: show title: Ingelfinger Over-Ruled: The Role of the Web in the Future of Refereed Medical Journal Publishing ispublished: pub subjects: economics full_text_status: public keywords: electronic publishing, Ingelfinger Rule, Copyright, publication embargo, self-archiving abstract: Under the editorship of Franz Ingelfinger, the New England Journal of Medicine adopted a policy of declining to referee or publish research that had been previously published or publicised elsewhere. Other biomedical journals, as well as broad-spectrum journals such as Science, have since adopted this "Ingelfinger rule". The four rationales underlying this rule, formulated in the Gutenberg era, are examined here to see which of them are still valid post-Gutenberg. date: 2000-12 date_type: published publication: The Lancet volume: 256 pagerange: s16 refereed: TRUE referencetext: Angell, M. & Kassirer, J.P. (1991) The Ingelfinger Rule Revisited. New England Journal of Medicine 325(19): 1371-1373. http://www.nejm.org/content/1991/0325/0019/1371.asp Bachrach, S., Berry, S.R., Blume, M., von Foerster, T., Fowler, A., Ginsparg, P., Heller, S., Kestner, N., Odlyzko, A., Okerson, A., Wigington, R., & Moffat, A. (1998) Intellectual Property: Who Should Own Scientific Papers? Science 281 (5382): 1459-1460. September 4 1998. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/281/5382/1459 Bloom, F. (1998) The Rightness of Copyright [Editorial] Science 281 (5382): 1451. September 4 1998. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/281/5382/1451 Bloom,Floyd E. (1999) Just a Minute, Please [Editorial] Science 285 (5425) p. 197. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/285/5425/197 Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Hall, W. & Harnad, S. (2000) A usage based analysis of CoRR [A commentary on "CoRR: a Computing Research Repository" by Joseph Y. Halpern] ACM SIGDOC Journal of Computer Documentation. May 2000. http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad00.halpern.htm Harnad, S. (ed.) (1982) Peer commentary on peer review: A case study in scientific quality control, New York: Cambridge University Press. Harnad, S. (1986) Policing the Paper Chase. (Review of S. Lock, A difficult balance: Peer review in biomedical publication.) Nature 322: 24 - 5. Harnad, S. (1990) Scholarly Skywriting and the Prepublication Continuum of Scientific Inquiry. Psychological Science 1: 342 - 343 (reprinted in Current Contents 45: 9-13, November 11 1991). http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad90.skywriting.html Harnad, S. (1991/1992/1994) Post-Gutenberg Galaxy: The Fourth Revolution in the Means of Production of Knowledge. Public-Access Computer Systems Review 2 (1): 39 - 53 http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.postgutenberg.html Harnad, S. (1995) Universal FTP Archives for Esoteric Science and Scholarship: A Subversive Proposal. In: Ann Okerson & James O'Donnell (Eds.) Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads; A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing. Washington, DC., Association of Research Libraries, June 1995. http://www.arl.org/scomm/subversive/toc.html Harnad, S. (1996) Implementing Peer Review on the Net: Scientific Quality Control in Scholarly Electronic Journals. In: Peek, R. & Newby, G. (Eds.) Scholarly Publishing: The Electronic Frontier. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Pp. 103-118. http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad96.peer.review.html Harnad, S. (1998/1997) Learned Inquiry and the Net: The Role of Peer Review, Peer Commentary and Copyright. Learned Publishing 4(11): 283-292 http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad98.toronto.learnedpub.html http://citd.scar.utoronto.ca/EPub/talks/Harnad_Snider.html Harnad, S. (1998) For Whom the Gate Tolls? Free the Online-Only Refereed Literature. American Scientist Forum. http://amsci-forum.amsci.org/archives/september-forum.html Harnad, S. (1998) On-Line Journals and Financial Fire-Walls. Nature 395(6698): 127-128. http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/nature.html Harnad, S. (1998/2000) The invisible hand of peer review. Nature [online] (5 Nov. 1998) and in Exploit Interactive 5 (2000) http://helix.nature.com/webmatters/invisible/invisible.html http://www.exploit-lib.org/issue5/peer-review/ Harnad, S. (1999) Free at Last: The Future of Peer-Reviewed Journals. D-Lib Magazine 5(12) December 1999 http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december99/12harnad.html Harnad, S. (2000) E-Knowledge: Freeing the Refereed Journal Corpus Online. Computer Law & Security Report 16(2) 78-87. [Rebuttal to Bloom Editorial in Science and Relman Editorial in New England Journalof Medicine] http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad00.scinejm.htm http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/eletters/285/5425/197#EL12 Hitchcock, S. Carr, L., Jiao, Z., Bergmark, D., Hall, W., Lagoze, C. & Harnad, S. (2000) Developing services for open eprint archives: globalisation, integration and the impact of links. Proceedings of the 5th ACM Conference on Digital Libraries. San Antonio Texas June 2000. http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad00.acm.htm Harnad, S., Varian, H. & Parks, R. (2000) Academic publishing in the online era: What Will Be For-Fee And What Will Be For-FRee? Culture Machine 2 (Online Journal) http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/Varian/new1.htm http://culturemachine.tees.ac.uk/frm_f1.htm Ingelfinger, F. (1969) Definition of "sole contribution." New England Journal of Medicine 281: 676-7. Kassirer, J.P. & Angell, M. (1995) The Internet and the Journal. New England Journal of Medicine 332 (25) 1709-1710. http://www.nejm.org/content/1995/0332/0025/1709.asp Kassirer, J.P. (1999) Posting Presentations at Medical Meetings on the Internet. New England Journal of Medicine 340(10): 803. http://www.nejm.org/content/1999/0340/0010/0803.asp Relman, A.S. (1999) The NIH "E-biomed" Proposal -- A Potential Threat to the Evaluation and Orderly Dissemination of New Clinical Studies. New England Journal of Medicine 340(23): 1828. http://www.nejm.org/content/1999/0340/0023/1828.asp Relman A.S. (1988) More on the Ingelfinger Rule. New England Journal of Medicine 318: 1125-6. Relman, A.S. (1981) The Ingelfinger Rule. New England Journal of Medicine 305: 824-6. citation: Harnad, Stevan (2000) Ingelfinger Over-Ruled: The Role of the Web in the Future of Refereed Medical Journal Publishing. [Journal (Paginated)] document_url: http://cogprints.org/1703/1/harnad00.lancet.htm