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--- abstract: |- Robert French has argued that a disembodied computer is incapable of passing a Turing Test that includes subcognitive questions. Subcognitive questions are designed to probe the network of cultural and perceptual associations that humans naturally develop as we live, embodied and embedded in the world. In this paper, I show how it is possible for a disembodied computer to answer subcognitive questions appropriately, contrary to French�s claim. My approach to answering subcognitive questions is to use statistical information extracted from a very large collection of text. In particular, I show how it is possible to answer a sample of subcognitive questions taken from French, by issuing queries to a search engine that indexes about 350 million Web pages. This simple algorithm may shed light on the nature of human (sub-) cognition, but the scope of this paper is limited to demonstrating that French is mistaken: a disembodied computer can answer subcognitive questions. altloc: - http://extractor.iit.nrc.ca/publications/subcognitive.pdf chapter: ~ commentary: 499 commref: 'French, R.M. (2000). Peeking behind the screen: The unsuspected power of the standard Turing Test. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 12, 331-340.' confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: Turney given: Peter honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 2001-08 date_type: published datestamp: 2001-09-13 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/17/98 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 1798 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_postscript.png;/1798/1/subcognitive.ps|/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/1798/5/subcognitive.pdf full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: ~ issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'subcognitive questions, Turing Test, PMI-IR, co-occurrence, word associations, mutual information.' lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:47 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: ~ pagerange: ~ pubdom: FALSE publication: ~ publisher: ~ refereed: FALSE referencetext: |- Church, K.W., and Hanks, P. (1989). Word association norms, mutual information and lexicography. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association of Computational Linguistics, pp. 76-83. Church, K.W., Gale, W., Hanks, P., and Hindle, D. (1991). Using statistics in lexical analysis. In Uri Zernik (ed.), Lexical Acquisition: Exploiting On-Line Resources to Build a Lexicon. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 115-164. Firth, J.R. (1957). A synopsis of linguistic theory 1930-1955. In Studies in Linguistic Analysis, pp. 1-32. Oxford: Philological Society. Reprinted in F.R. Palmer (ed.), Selected Papers of J.R. Firth 1952-1959, London: Longman (1968). French, R.M. (1990). Subcognition and the limits of the Turing Test. Mind, 99: 53-65. French, R.M. (2000). Peeking behind the screen: The unsuspected power of the standard Turing Test. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 12, 331-340. Landauer, T.K., and Dumais, S.T. (1997). A solution to Plato�s problem: The Latent Semantic Analysis theory of the acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge. Psychological Review, 104: 211-240. Manning, C.D., and Sch�tze, H. (1999). Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Turing, A.M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59: 433-460. Turney, P.D. (2001). Mining the Web for synonyms: PMI-IR versus LSA on TOEFL. Proceedings of the Twelfth European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML-2001), in press. relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 14 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2007-09-12 16:40:43 subjects: - comp-sci-lang - comp-sci-stat-model - phil-mind succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: 'Answering Subcognitive Turing Test Questions: A Reply to French' type: preprint userid: 2175 volume: ~