?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Coherent+use+of+information+by+hens+assisting+to+the+victory+or+defeat+of+their+former+dominant+by+a+stranger%3A++a+case+of+transitive+inference%3F&rft.creator=Beaugrand%2C+Jacques+P.&rft.creator=Hogue%2C+Mich%C3%A8le+E.&rft.creator=Lague%2C+Paul+C.&rft.subject=Animal+Behavior&rft.subject=Ethology&rft.subject=Cognitive+Psychology&rft.subject=Comparative+Psychology&rft.description=We+examine+the+role+of+observation+during+the+formation+of+triads+in+females+of+the++domestic+fowl.+During+hierarchy+formation%2C+a+hen+observing+agonistic+interactions+and+conflict+settlement+between+its+former+dominant+and+a+stranger+uses+this+information+when+in+turn+confronted+by+the+latter.+Under+a+first+condition%2C+bystanders+witnessed+their+prior+dominant+being+defeated+by+a+stranger+before+being+introduced+to+them.+In+a+second+condition%2C+bystanders+witnessed+the+victory+of+their+prior+dominant+over+a+stranger.+In+a+third+condition%2C+bystanders+witnessed+two+strangers+establishing+a+dominance+relationship+before+being+introduced+to+their+prior+dominant+and+to+a+stranger+the+former+had+just+defeated.+It+was+found+that+behavioural+strategies+of+bystanders+depended+on+the+issue+of+the+conflict+they+had+just+witnessed.+Bystanders+which+had+attended+to+the+defeat+of+their+prior+dominant+behaved+as+having+no+chance+of+defeating+the+stranger.+They+never+initiated+an+attack+against+it%2C+and+upon+being+attacked%2C+readily+submitted+in+turn+to+the+stranger.+On+the+contrary%2C+bystanders+which+had+witnessed+the+victory+of+their+prior+dominant+over+the+stranger+behaved+as+having+some+chances+against+the+stranger.+They+initiated+attacks+in+50%25+of+cases%2C+and+won+50%25+of+conflicts+against+the+stranger.+When+bystanders+had+not+attended+the+meeting+of+their+prior+dominant%2C+they+first+initiated+contact+with+the+strangers+in+only+27%25+of+cases%2C+which+approximates+the+average+of+their+chances+for+defeating+the+stranger.+However%2C+bystanders+finally+defeated+the+strangers+in+40%25+of+cases.+These+results+suggest+that+bystanders+which+had+witnessed+the+encounter+of+their+prior+dominant+with+the+stranger+had+gained+some+information+on+the+relationship+established++between+them.+When+confronted+in+turn+to+the+stranger%2C+observers++used+this++information+coherently%2C+perhaps+through+transitive+inference%2C+thus++contributing+to+the+existence+of+transitive+relationships+within+the++triads.++It+is+proposed+that+observational+or+vicarious+learning+could+account+for++%C2%ABtransitive+inference%C2%BB+in+this+case%3A+the+observer+would+simply+reproduce++the+behaviour++the++prior+dominant+had+shown++towards+the+stranger.++%0AThe+paper+in+in+French&rft.publisher=Presses+de+l'Universit%C3%A9+Paul+Sabatier%2C+Toulouse+(F)&rft.date=1997&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1937%2F3%2Fbeaugrand-hogue-lague-1997-albi.pdf&rft.identifier=++Beaugrand%2C+Jacques+P.+and+Hogue%2C+Mich%C3%A8le+E.+and+Lague%2C+Paul+C.++(1997)+Coherent+use+of+information+by+hens+assisting+to+the+victory+or+defeat+of+their+former+dominant+by+a+stranger%3A+a+case+of+transitive+inference%3F++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1937%2F