--- abstract: 'Memory and forgetting are inextricably intertwined. Any account of short-term memory (STM) should address the following question: If three, four, or five chunks are being held in STM, what happens after attention is diverted?' altloc: - http://psych.utoronto.ca/~muter/cowanmuter.htm chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: 'Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 87-114.' confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: Muter given: Paul honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 2001-02 date_type: published datestamp: 2001-12-05 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/19/63 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: - family: Harnad given: Stevan honourific: '' lineage: '' eprint_status: archive eprintid: 1963 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/text_html.png;/1963/1/cowanmuter.htm full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: forgetting short-term memory consciousness lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:51 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: 1 pagerange: ~ pubdom: FALSE publication: Behavioral and Brain Sciences publisher: Cambridge University Press refereed: TRUE referencetext: |-2 Anderson, R.B., Tweney, R.D., Rivardo, M., & Duncan, S. (1997). Need probability affects retention; A direct demonstration. Memory & Cognition, 25, 867-872. Craik, F.I.M. & Lockhart, R.S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684. Cunningham, T.F., Healy, A.F., Till, R.E., Fendrich, D.W., & Dimitry, C.Z. (1993) Is there really very rapid forgetting from primary memory? The role of expectancy and item importance in short-term recall. Memory & Cognition, 21, 671-688. Healy, A.F. & Cunningham, T.F. (1995). Very rapid forgetting: Reply to Muter. Memory & Cognition, 23, 387-392. Jacoby, L.L. & Bartz, W.H. (1972). Encoding processes and the negative recency effect. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 561-565. Laming, D. (1992) Analysis of short-term retention: Models for Brown-Peterson experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 1342-1365. Marsh, R.L., Sebrechts, M.M.,, Hicks, J.L., & Landau, J.D. (1997). Processing strategies and secondary memory in very rapid forgetting. Memory & Cognition, 25, 173-181. Murdock, B.B., Jr., & Hockley, W.E. (1989). Short-term memory for associations. In G.H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 24, pp. 71-108). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Muter, P. (1980) Very rapid forgetting. Memory & Cognition, 8, 174-179. Muter, P. (1995). Very rapid forgetting: Reply to Cunningham, Healy, Till, Fendrich, and Dimitry. Memory & Cognition, 23, 383-386. Peterson,L.R. & Peterson, M.J. (1959).Short-term retention of individual verbal items. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 193-198. Posner, M.L., & Konick, A.W. (1966). On the role of interference in short-term retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72, 221-231. Rubin, D. C. & Wenzel, A. E. (1996). One hundred years of forgetting: A quantitative description of retention. Psychological Review, 103, 734-760. Sebrechts, M.M, Marsh, R.L., & Seamon, J.G. (1989). Secondary memory and very rapid forgetting. Memory & Cognition, 17, 693-700. Solso, R. L. (1995). Cognitive Psychology (4th Ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Watkins, M.J. & Watkins, O.C. (1974). Processing of recency items for free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 488-493. relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 8 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2007-09-12 16:42:08 subjects: - BBS - cog-psy succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: The nature of forgetting from short-term memory type: journale userid: 393 volume: 24