creators_name: Kang, T. Jin creators_name: Muter, Paul editors_name: Stewart, Tom type: journalp datestamp: 2002-01-02 lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:51 metadata_visibility: show title: Reading dynamically displayed text ispublished: pub subjects: appl-cog-psy subjects: cog-psy full_text_status: public keywords: reading electronic text RSVP Times Square displays scrolling abstract: Two experiments were carried out to find an optimal electronic text display method given limited display space. The display formats tested fell into two categories: Times Square, in which text is scrolled from right to left; and rapid, serial, visual presentation (RSVP), in which text is presented one or several words at a time to a fixed location in the display. Previous studies have indicated that Times Square format is not as efficient as page format display or, by extrapolation, as RSVP. These studies, unlike the present experiments, did not include a smooth-scrolling (pixel-by-pixel) condition. In Experiment 1, a comparison was made between multiple-word RSVP and three versions of Times Square format, differing only in the size of steps by which the display was scrolled. Except for the largest step-size, comprehension was as high in the Times Square conditions as in the RSVP condition. The subjects expressed a significant preference for smooth scrolling Times Square over any other condition. Experiment 2 showed that comprehension for smooth scrolling Times Square was at least as high as that for RSVP at presentation rates ranging from 100 to 300 words per minute. Times Square reading is discussed in terms of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). date: 1989 date_type: published publication: Behavior & Information Technology volume: 8 number: 1 publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd. pagerange: 33-42 refereed: TRUE referencetext: Cocklin, T. G., Ward, N.J., Chen, H.C., and Juola, J. F., 1984, Factors influencing readability of rapidly presented text segments, Memory & Cognition, 12, 431-442. Forster, K.L., 1970, Visual perception of rapidly presented word sequences of varying complexity, Perception and Psychophysics, 8, 215-221. Gilbert, L.C., 1959, Speed of processing visual stimuli and its relation to reading, Journal of Educational Psychology, 55, 8-14. Granaas, M.M., McKay, T.D., Laham, R.D., Hurt, L.D., and Juola, J.F., 1984, Reading moving text on a CRT screen, Human Factors, 26, 97-104. Howard, I.P., 1982, Human visual orientation (New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd). Juola, J.F., Ward, N.J., and McNamara, T., 1982, Visual search and reading of rapid, serial presentation of letter strings, words, and text, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 111, 208-227. Kolers, P.A., Duchnicky, R.L., and Ferguson, D. C., 1981, Eye movement measurement of readability of CRT displays, Human Factors, 23, 517-527. Levy-Schoen, S., and O'Regan, K., 1979, The control of eye movements in reading. In P. A. Kolers, M.E. Wrolstad and H. Bouma (eds), Processing of Visible Language, Vol. I (New York: Plenum Press). Masson, M.E.J., 1983, Conceptual processing of text during skimming and rapid sequential reading, Memory & Cognition, 11, 262-274. Monk, A. F., 1984, Reading continuous text from a one-line visual display, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 21, 269-277. Muter, P., Kruk, R., Buttigieg, M.A., and Kang, T.J., 1988, Reader-controlled computerized presentation of text, Human Factors, 30, 473-486. Potter, M.C., 1988, Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP): A method for studying language processing. In D. E. Kieras and M.A. Just (eds), New methods in reading comprehension research (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Press). Potter, M.C., Kroll, J.F., and Harris, C., 1980, Comprehension and memory in rapid sequential reading. In R. Nickerson (ed), Attention and Performance VIII (Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum). Pucilowski, J.j., and Schlam, E., 1978, Emerging display devices, IEEE Trans Electronic Devices, 25, 167-171. Sekey, A., and Tietz, J., 1982, Text display by 'saccadic scrolling', Visible Language, 16, 62-76. Taylor, S.E., Frackenpohl, H., and Pettee, J. L., 1960, Grade level norms for the components of the fundamental reading skill, EDL research and information bulletin, no. 3. (Huntington, NY: Educational Development Laboratories). Williamson, N.L., 1985, Rapid serial visual presentation: Some theoretical and applied implications, Unpublished master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto. Williamson, N.L., Muter, P., and Kruk, R., 1986, Computerized presentation of text for the visually handicapped. In E. Hjelmquist and L.-G. Nilsson (eds), Communication and handicap: Aspects of psychological compensation and technical aids (North-Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.). citation: Kang, T. Jin and Muter, Paul (1989) Reading dynamically displayed text. [Journal (Paginated)] document_url: http://cogprints.org/1971/1/Abs1989.htm