--- abstract: |+ Introduction: The biological concomitants of childhood conduct disorder (CD) have seldom been considered separate from those of hyperkinesis with which CD is often comorbid. CD predicts an increased likelihood of developing a personality disorder and is often associated with an antisocial outcome. Childhood CD may originate in a stressful upbringing in a dysfunctional family environment, and has been reported to be associated with unusual physical or sexual development and thyroid dysfunction. Methods: We therefore explored circulating levels of hormones from adrenal, gonadal and growth-hormone axes associated with stress, aggression and development in 28 CD patients and 13 age-matched healthy children (10-18 years old). Results: 1/ The CD group had higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and corticotropin (ACTH) and for those under 14 years of age there was more free triiodothyronine (fT3) in the circulation. 2/ There were no differences for gonadal hormones, and neither the levels of steroid hormones nor the ratings of maturity (early/late) were associated with aggression, as has been reported elsewhere. 3/ Smaller physical measures in CD children correlated with DHEA-S and growth factors (e.g. IGF-I): 4/ increased ACTH and fT3 correlated with restless-impulsive ratings, and DHEA-S with 'disruptive behaviour'. Conclusions: Imbalances in the adrenal and growth axes may indeed have neurotrophic repercussions in growth and development. altloc: - http://www.biopsychology.uni-essen.de/neuropsychobiol.htm chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: Dmitrieva given: '' honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Oades given: '' honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Hauffa given: '' honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Eggers given: '' honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 2001 date_type: published datestamp: 2002-01-11 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/20/18 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 2018 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/2018/2/CD%2DNeuropsychobiol%2D2001%2Dart.pdf full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'Child, Adolescent, Conduct Disorder, Hormones, Steroids, Peptides, Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA, DHEAS, corticotropin, ACTH, Growthm Maturation, Puberty, Androgen, Testosterone, Oestrogen, Luteinizing hormone, Follicular stimulating hormone, prolactin, Thyroid, Thyroid stimulating hormone, TSHtri-iodothyronine, fT3, fT4, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, Insulin-like growth factor, hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression, ' lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:52 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: ~ pagerange: 134-140 pubdom: TRUE publication: Neuropsychobiology publisher: Karger refereed: TRUE referencetext: | 1 Lahey BB, McBurnett K, Loeber R, et al: Psychobiology of conduct disorder; in Sholevar GP, (ed): Conduct disorders in children and adolescents: assessments and interventions. 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