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--- abstract: Humnan factors experiments on visual responses to simulated traffic signals using incandescent lamps and light-emitting diodes are described. altloc: - http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/ltgtrans/pdf/LRCLED01.pdf chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: Bullough given: John D. honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Boyce given: Peter R. honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Bierman given: Andrew honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Conway given: Kathryn M. honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Huang given: Michelle Kun honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: O'Rourke given: Conan P. honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Hunter given: Claudia M. honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Nakata given: Akiko honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 1999-11 date_type: published datestamp: 2002-09-30 department: Lighting Research Center dir: disk0/00/00/24/86 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 2486 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/2486/1/led.pdf full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute isbn: ~ ispublished: unpub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'color vision, light-emitting diodes, traffic signals' lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:55:00 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: ~ pagerange: ~ pubdom: FALSE publication: ~ publisher: ~ refereed: FALSE referencetext: |- Bodmann, H.W., Haubner, P. and Marsden, A.M., A unified relationship between brightness and luminance, Proceedings CIE, 19 th Session, Kyoto, 1980. Bowen, R.W., Latencies for chromatic and achromatic visual mechanisms, Vision Research, 21, 1501-1507, 1981. Cole, B.L., and Brown, B., Optimum intensity of red road-traffic signal lights for normal and protanopic observers, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 56, pp 516-522, 1966. European Committee for Standardization, European Standard: Traffic Control Equipment - Signal Heads (Draft), Ref. No PREN 12368 E, 1998. Fisher, A., and Cole, B.L., The photometric requirements of vehicular traffic signal lanterns, Proceedings of the Australian Road Research Board, Vol 7, 1974. He, Y. Rea, M.S., Bierman, A., and Bullough, J. Evaluating light source efficacy under mesopic conditions using reaction times, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 26, 125-138, 1997. Holmes, J.L., Reaction time to photometrically equal chromatic stimuli, American Journal of Psychology, 37, 414-417, 1926. Institute of Transportation Engineers, Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads: A Standard of the Institute of Transportation Engineers, ITE, Washington, D.C., 1985. Institute of Transportation Engineers, Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads – Part 2: Light Emitting Diode Traffic Control Signal Modules, ITE, Washington, D.C., 1998. Janoff, M.S., Traffic signal visibility: A preliminary standard for round signal indications derived from scientific research, Transportation Research Record 1316, pp 5-12, 1991. Lit, A., Young, R.H., and Shaffer, M., Simple reaction time as a function of luminance for various wavelengths, Perc. And Psychophys., 10, 397, 1971. Mansfield, R.J., Latency functions in human vision, Vision Research, 13, 2219-2234, 1973. National Police Agency (Japan), Specification for Metal Vehicle Traffic Control Signals. The National Police Agency, 1986. Nissen, M. J., and Pokorny, J., Wavelength effects on simple reaction time, Perc. and Psychophys., 22, pp 457-462, 1977. Pieron, H., Recherches sur les lois de variation des temps de latence sensorielle en function des intensites excitatrices, Annee Psychol., 20, 17-96, and 22, 261-256, 1920. Pollack, J. D., Reaction time to different wavelengths at various luminances, Perc. and Psychophys., 3, 17, 1968. Schreuder, D.A, Standardization of light signals for road traffic control, Transportation Research Record 811, pp 14-15, 1981. Uneo, T., Pokorny, J., and Smith, V.C., Reaction times to chromatic stimuli, Vision Research, 25, 1623-1627, 1985. Vaughan, H.G. Jr., Costa, L.D., and Gilden, L., The functional relation of visual evoked response and reaction time to stimulus intensity, Vision Research, 6, 645, 1966. Wyszecki, G., and Stiles, W.S., Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982 relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 12 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2007-09-12 16:45:07 subjects: - psy-phys succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: 'Luminous Intensity for Traffic Signals: A Scientific Basis for Performance Specifications' type: techreport userid: 3475 volume: ~