?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=What's+the+young+infant+representation+of+number+like%3F&rft.creator=Uller%2C+Claudia&rft.subject=Developmental+Psychology&rft.subject=Applied+Cognitive+Psychology&rft.description=In+discussions+of+the+ontogenetic+origins+of+numerical+abilities+to+date%2C+most+of+the+research+suggests+that+infants+establish+representations+of+numbers+of+objects+presented+visually%2C+auditorily%2C+and+haptically.+The+question+is+not+whether+babies+are+sensitive+to+differences+in+number.+The+focus+lies+on+what+models+can+better+account+for+the+wealth+of+data.+Some+have+suggested+that+the+infant+number+capacity+is+in+the+format+of+object+file+representations%2C+and+is+characterized+by+a+small+set+size+-+ones%2C+twos%2C+threes%2C+perhaps+fours%2C+predicted+by+limitations+of+short-term+storage+of+an+object+file+model+(Uller+et+al.%2C+1999).+Others+have+proposed+that+the+infant+counting+abilities+are+in+the+format+of+analog+representations%2C+roughly+in+a+format+comparable+to+that+of+rats+and+pigeons+(Xu+%26+Spelke+2000)%2C+where+limit+is+not+a+concern.+The+task+is+to+bring+data+to+bear+on+this+question+to+help+decide+between+the+two+alternative+models.%0AUller+and+Leslie+(2000)+began+to+address+this+issue.+Utilizing+the+looking+time+technique%2C+they+showed+12-+month-olds+2%2B1+and+2%2B0+event+where+two+objects+go+behind+a+screen%2C+then+either+1+is+added+or+0+is+added.+The+outcome+is+always+2.+Another+group+of+12-month-olds+see+parallel+events+with+3%2C+namely%2C+3%2B1+and+3%2B0.+Babies++are+able+to+understand+'exactly+2'%2C+but+not+'exactly+3'%2C+which+provides+support+for+an+object+file+model.%0AMore+recently%2C+Uller+(2001)+investigated+whether+12-month-olds+understand+exactly+two+using+reaching+and+searching+time+as+dependent+measures.+Twelve-month-old+infants+were+shown+2+objects+go+into+a+box%2C+then+either+a+third+one+being+added+(2%2B1)+or+nothing+being+added+(2%2B0)+into+the+box.+The+outcome+was+always+2.+In+this+study%2C+she+confirmed+Uller+and+Leslie's+(2000)+looking+time+findings+that+12-month-olds+understand+what+'exactly+two'+means.%0AParallel+results+were+found+by+Feigenson%2C+Carey+%26+Hauser+(in+press)+in+a+forced+choice+experiment+testing+10-+and+12-month-old+infants.+Here%2C+babies+had+to+choose+between+different+numbers+of+graham+crackers%2C+namely%2C+2+vs+3%2C+3+vs+4%2C+and+3+vs+6.+The+researchers+found+that+babies+only+chose+the+bigger+number+in+the+small+discrimination+cases.+When+they+saw+3+vs+6+and+4+vs+6%2C+they+randomly+picked+one+or+the+other.%0AIn+the+current+paper%2C+I+make+the+case+for+focusing+on+the+young+infant+capacity+for+small+number+representation.+I+will+argue+that+this+is+a+capacity+that+can+be+found+spontaneously+in+humans%2C+nonhuman+primates%2C+avians+and+even+lower+vertebrates.+I+will+also+argue+that+this+is+a+capacity+that+should+be+considered+primitive+and+foundational%2C+perhaps+at+the+core+of+cognition.+I+will+review+the+proposals+available+to+date+on+the+young+infant+representation+of+small+number%2C+and+examine+possible+implementations+that+can+be+derived+from+these+considerations.&rft.publisher=Lund+University+Cognitive+Studies&rft.contributor=Prince%2C+Christopher+G.&rft.contributor=Demiris%2C+Yiannis&rft.contributor=Marom%2C+Yuval&rft.contributor=Kozima%2C+Hideki&rft.contributor=Balkenius%2C+Christian&rft.date=2002&rft.type=Conference+Poster&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F2527%2F1%2FUller2.pdf&rft.identifier=++Uller%2C+Claudia++(2002)+What's+the+young+infant+representation+of+number+like%3F++%5BConference+Poster%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F2527%2F