?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Minds%2C+Machines+and+Turing%3A+The+Indistinguishability+of+Indistinguishables&rft.creator=Harnad%2C+Stevan&rft.subject=Cognitive+Psychology&rft.subject=Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.subject=Artificial+Intelligence&rft.subject=Robotics&rft.description=Turing's+celebrated+1950+paper+proposes+a+very+general+methodological+criterion+for+modelling%0A+++++mental+function%3A+total+functional+equivalence+and+indistinguishability.+His+criterion+gives+rise+to+a+hierarchy+of%0A+++++Turing+Tests%2C+from+subtotal+(%22toy%22)+fragments+of+our+functions+(t1)%2C+to+total+symbolic+(pen-pal)+function+(T2+--%0A+++++the+standard+Turing+Test)%2C+to+total+external+sensorimotor+(robotic)+function+(T3)%2C+to+total+internal+microfunction%0A+++++(T4)%2C+to+total+indistinguishability+in+every+empirically+discernible+respect+(T5).+This+is+a+%22reverse-engineering%22%0A+++++hierarchy+of+(decreasing)+empirical+underdetermination+of+the+theory+by+the+data.+Level+t1+is+clearly+too%0A+++++underdetermined%2C+T2+is+vulnerable+to+a+counterexample+(Searle's+Chinese+Room+Argument)%2C+and+T4+and+T5+are%0A+++++arbitrarily+overdetermined.+Hence+T3+is+the+appropriate+target+level+for+cognitive+science.+When+it+is+reached%2C%0A+++++however%2C+there+will+still+remain+more+unanswerable+questions+than+when+Physics+reaches+its+Grand+Unified%0A+++++Theory+of+Everything+(GUTE)%2C+because+of+the+mind%2Fbody+problem+and+the+other-minds+problem%2C+both+of+which%0A+++++are+inherent+in+this+empirical+domain%2C+even+though+Turing+hardly+mentions+them.+%0A&rft.date=2001&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F2615%2F1%2Fharnad00.turing.html&rft.identifier=++Harnad%2C+Stevan++(2001)+Minds%2C+Machines+and+Turing%3A+The+Indistinguishability+of+Indistinguishables.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F2615%2F