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abstract: |-
  An attempt was made to show magnetic sensitivity in seven species of European birds captured during their migration.
  The test was done on the following species: Streptopelia turtur (N=8), Streptopelia decaocto (N=2), Corvus monedula
  (N=6); one individual of the following: Corvus corona c., Turdus philomelos, Turdus viscivorus, Anas penelope. Most of
  the individuals were first subjected to conditioning to a light stimulus. They were then subjected to differential
  nociceptive conditioning to 100 presentations of a magnetic stimulus (CS+) reversing the vertical Z component of the
  local magnetic field and 100 presentations of a control stimulus for artifacts (CS-). The two stimuli were randomly
  interdigited. Cardiac activity was used as an rode: of reactivity throughout the study. Results indicate that the magnetic
  stimuli were not used by the birds as a cue presaging the forthcoming shock. We discuss the validity of the stimuli end
  paradigms wed to demonstrate magnetic sensitivity in birds. These negative findings are related to possible artifactual
  effects explaining suggestive results in homing and zugunruhe experiments, sad to lord processing of magnetic effects
  without access to higher processes such r learning and arousal regulations.
altloc:
  - http://rana.uqam.ca/publications/publications.htm
  - http://rana.uqam.ca/publications/beaugrand-1997.pdf
chapter: ~
commentary: ~
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creators_id: []
creators_name:
  - family: Beaugrand
    given: Jacques
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
date: 1977
date_type: published
datestamp: 2003-05-06
department: ~
dir: disk0/00/00/29/20
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eprint_status: archive
eprintid: 2920
fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/2920/1/beaugrand%2D1977.pdf
full_text_status: public
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keywords: |-
  magnetic sensitivity birds orientation nociceptive
  conditioning Streptopelia turtur decaocto Corvus monedula
  corona Turdus philomelos viscivorus Anas penelope
lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:55:16
latitude: ~
longitude: ~
metadata_visibility: show
note: ~
number: ~
pagerange: 119-127
pubdom: TRUE
publication: Behavioural Processes
publisher: Elsevier
refereed: TRUE
referencetext: |-
  Beaugrand, J.P., 1976. An attempt to confirm magnetic sensitivity in the pigeon, Columba livia. J. Comp. Physiol., 110: 343-365.
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  Biology, Vol. V. Academic Press, New York, pp. 129-219.
  Emlen, S.T., Wiltschko, W., Demong, N.J., Wiltschko, R. and Bergman, S., 1976. Magnetic direction finding: evidence
  for its use in migratory indigo buntings. Science, 193:505-607.
  Howland, H.C., 1978. Orientation of European robins to Kramer cages. Z. Tierpsychol., 33: 295-312.
  Keeton, W.T., 1974a. The mystery of pigeon homing. Sci. Am., 231: 93-107.
  Keeton, W.T., 1974b. The orientational and navigational basis of homing in birds. In: D.S. Lehrman, J.S., Rosenblath,
  R.A. Hinde, E. Shaw (Editors), Advances in the Study of Behavior, Vol. 5. Academic Press, New York, pp. 49-132.
  Kreithen, M.L. and Keeton, W.T., 1974. Attempts to condition homing pigeons to magnetic stimuli. J. Comp. Physiol.,
  91: 355-362.
  Meyer, M.E. and Lambe, D.R., 1966. Sensitivity of the homing pigeon to changes in the magnetic field. Psychon. Sci., 5:
  349-350.
  Orgel, A.R. and Smith, S.C., 1954. Test of the magnetic theory of homing. Science, 120: 891-892.
  Reille, A., 1968. Essai de mise en évidence d'une sensibilité du pigeon au champ magnétique à l™aide d'un
  conditionnement nociceptif. J. Physiol. (Paris), 60: 85-92.
  Southern, W.E., 1970. Influences of disturbances in the earth's magnetic field on ring-billed gull orientation. Am. Zool.,
  10: 23.
  Southern, W.E., 1972. Magnets disrupt the orientation of juvenile ring-billed gulls. BioScience, 22: 476-479.
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  detector and R-R interval counter: a new interface to the PDP-12 computer for on-line analysis and processing of heart
  rate data. Proc. 1970 DECUS Spring Symposium, pp. 265-271.
  Walcott, C. and Green, R., 1974. Orientation in homing pigeons altered by a change in the direction of an applied
  magnetic field. Science, 184: 180-182.
  Wells, M.J., 1964. Learning and movements in octopuses. Anim. Belies. Suppl., 1: 115-128.
  Wiltschko, W. and Wiltschko, R., 1972. Magnetic compass of European robins. Science, 176: 62-64.
  Wiltschko, W. and Wiltschko, R., 1975a. The interaction of stars and magnetic field In the orientation system of night
  migrating birds: I Autumn experiments with European warblers (Gen. Sylvia). Z. Tierpsychol., 37: 337-355.
  Wiltachko, W. and Wiltschko, R., 1975b. The interaction of stars and magnetic field in the orientation system of
  night-migrating birds: II. Spring experiments with European robins (Erithacus rubecula). Z. Tierpsychol., 39: 265-282.
  Wiltschko, W. and Wiltschko, R., 1976. Interrelation of magnetic compass and star orientation in night-migrating birds.
  J. Comp. Physiol. A, 109: 91-99.
  RÉSUMÉ
  Beaugrand, J.P., 1977. Essai de mise en évidence d'une sensibilité magnétique chez sept espèces d'oiseaux européens à
  1'aide d'un conditionnement nociceptif. Behavioural Processes, 2: 113-127 (en anglais).ഊNous avons tenté de mettre an évidence une sensibilité magnétique chez des oiseaux capturés durant leur migration. Le
  test a été effectué sur sept espèces d'oiseaux migrateurs européens (Streptopelia turtur, N=8; Streptopelio decaocto, N=2;
  Corvus monedula, N=6; un représentant des espèces suivantes: Corvus corona c., Turdus philomelos, Turdus viscivorus,
  Anas penelope). La plupart des sujets ont en premier lieu été soumis à un conditionnement nociceptif à un voyant
  lumineux. Ils ont ensuite été soumis à un conditionnement différentiel magnétique comprenant 100 présentations d'un
  stimulus conditionnel magnétique impliquant une inversion de la composante verticale Z du champ magnétique local, et
  100 présentations d'un stimulus contrôle pour les artefacts. Les deux stimuli étaient présentés dans un ordre et sur une
  base de temps aléatoires. Les variations de l™activité cardiaque des sujets ont été utilisées comme variable dépendante.
  Nos résultats indiquent 1'absence de conditionnement cardiaque au stimulus magnétique. Nous discutons de la validité
  des stimuli et des paradigmes employés pour la mise en évidence d'une sensibilité magnétique chez les oiseaux.
relation_type: []
relation_uri: []
reportno: ~
rev_number: 12
series: ~
source: ~
status_changed: 2007-09-12 16:47:30
subjects:
  - bio-ani-behav
succeeds: ~
suggestions: ~
sword_depositor: ~
sword_slug: ~
thesistype: ~
title: |-
  Test of magnetic sensitivity in seven species of European birds wing a cardiac nociceptive
  conditioning procedure
type: journalp
userid: 2452
volume: 2
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