--- abstract: 'In this paper an experiment is presented in which two mobile robots develop a shared lexicon of which the meanings are grounded in the real world. The robots start without a lexicon nor shared meanings and play language games in which they generate new meanings and negotiate words for these meanings. The experiment tries to find the minimal conditions under which verbal communication may begin to evolve. The robots are autonomous in terms of computing and cognition, but they are otherwise far simpler than most, if not all animals. It is demonstrated that a lexicon nevertheless can be made to emerge even though there are strong limits on the size and stability of this lexicon.' altloc: - http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/~paulv/publications/eoc.pdf chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: Vogt given: Paul honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 2000 date_type: published datestamp: 2003-07-16 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/30/56 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 3056 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/3056/1/eoc.pdf full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'symbol grounding problem, language evolution, language games' lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:55:18 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: 1 pagerange: 89-118 pubdom: FALSE publication: Evolution of Communication publisher: ~ refereed: TRUE referencetext: ~ relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 12 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2007-09-12 16:48:09 subjects: - comp-sci-lang - ling-comput - comp-sci-robot succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: Bootstrapping grounded symbols by minimal autonomous robots type: journalp userid: 4180 volume: 4