@prefix epid: .
@prefix dc: .
@prefix geo: .
@prefix bibo: .
@prefix epx: .
@prefix owl: .
@prefix void: .
@prefix event: .
@prefix skos: .
@prefix xsd: .
@prefix cc: .
@prefix ep: .
@prefix foaf: .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix rdfs: .
@prefix eprel: .
@prefix dct: .
<>
foaf:primaryTopic ;
rdfs:comment "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^xsd:string .
rdfs:label "sgproblem1.html"^^xsd:string .
rdfs:label "indexcodes.txt"^^xsd:string .
dc:format "text/html";
dc:title "HTML Summary of #3106 \n\nThe Symbol Grounding Problem\n\n";
foaf:primaryTopic .
dct:hasPart ;
ep:hasFile ;
rdf:type bibo:Document,
ep:Document;
rdfs:label "The Symbol Grounding Problem (HTML)"^^xsd:string .
dct:hasPart ;
ep:hasFile ;
eprel:isIndexCodesVersionOf ;
eprel:isVersionOf ;
eprel:isVolatileVersionOf ;
rdf:type ep:Document;
rdfs:label "The Symbol Grounding Problem (Indexer Terms)"^^xsd:string .
rdf:_1 .
bibo:abstract "There has been much discussion recently about the scope and limits of purely symbolic models of the mind and about the proper role of connectionism in cognitive modeling. This paper describes the symbol grounding problem: How can the semantic interpretation of a formal symbol system be made intrinsic to the system, rather than just parasitic on the meanings in our heads? How can the meanings of the meaningless symbol tokens, manipulated solely on the basis of their (arbitrary) shapes, be grounded in anything but other meaningless symbols? The problem is analogous to trying to learn Chinese from a Chinese/Chinese dictionary alone. A candidate solution is sketched: Symbolic representations must be grounded bottom-up in nonsymbolic representations of two kinds: (1) iconic representations, which are analogs of the proximal sensory projections of distal objects and events, and (2) categorical representations, which are learned and innate feature-detectors that pick out the invariant features of object and event categories from their sensory projections. Elementary symbols are the names of these object and event categories, assigned on the basis of their (nonsymbolic) categorical representations. Higher-order (3) symbolic representations, grounded in these elementary symbols, consist of symbol strings describing category membership relations (e.g., An X is a Y that is Z). Connectionism is one natural candidate for the mechanism that learns the invariant features underlying categorical representations, thereby connecting names to the proximal projections of the distal objects they stand for. In this way connectionism can be seen as a complementary component in a hybrid nonsymbolic/symbolic model of the mind, rather than a rival to purely symbolic modeling. Such a hybrid model would not have an autonomous symbolic module, however; the symbolic functions would emerge as an intrinsically dedicated symbol system as a consequence of the bottom-up grounding of categories' names in their sensory representations. Symbol manipulation would be governed not just by the arbitrary shapes of the symbol tokens, but by the nonarbitrary shapes of the icons and category invariants in which they are grounded."^^xsd:string;
bibo:authorList ;
bibo:status ,
;
bibo:volume "42";
dct:creator ;
dct:date "1990";
dct:isPartOf ,
;
dct:subject ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
;
dct:title "The Symbol Grounding Problem"^^xsd:string;
ep:hasDocument ,
;
rdf:type bibo:Article,
ep:EPrint,
ep:JournalpEPrint;
rdfs:seeAlso .
rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Theoretical Biology" .
rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Cognitive Psychology" .
rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Computational Neuroscience" .
rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Artificial Intelligence" .
rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Dynamical Systems" .
rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Neural Nets" .
rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Robotics" .
rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Semantics" .
rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Perceptual Cognitive Psychology" .
rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Epistemology" .
rdf:type skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Philosophy of Language" .
foaf:familyName "Harnad"^^xsd:string;
foaf:givenName "Stevan"^^xsd:string;
foaf:name "Stevan Harnad"^^xsd:string;
rdf:type foaf:Person .
foaf:name "Physica D"^^xsd:string;
rdf:type bibo:Collection .