?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=The+knowledge+level+reinterpreted%3A+Modeling+socio-technical+systems&rft.creator=Clancey%2C+William+J.&rft.subject=Artificial+Intelligence&rft.subject=Epistemology&rft.subject=Social+Psychology&rft.description=Knowledge+acquisition+is+a+process+of+developing+qualitative+models+of+systems+in+the+world%C2%97physical%2C+social%2C+technological%C2%97often+for+the+first+time%2C+not+extracting+facts+and+rules+that+are+already+written+down+and+filed+away+in+an+expert's+mind.+Models+of+reasoning+describe+how+people+behave%C2%97how+they+interactively+gather+evidence+by+looking+and+asking+questions%2C+represent+a+situation+by+saying+and+writing+things%2C+and+plan+to+act+in+some+environment.+But+such+models+are+inherently+brittle+mechanisms%3A+Human+reinterpretation+of+rules+and+procedures+is+metaphorical%2C+based+on+pre-linguistic+perceptual+categorization+and+non-deliberated+sensory-motor+coordination.+This+view+of+people+relative+to+computer+models+yields+an+alternative+view+of+what+tools+can+be+and+the+tool+design+process.+Knowledge+engineers+are+called+to+participate+with+social+scientists+and+workers+in+the+co-design+of+the+workplace+and+tools+for+enhancing+worker+creativity+and+response+to+unanticipated+situations.+The+emphasis+is+on+augmenting+human+capabilities+as+they+interact+with+each+other+to+construct+new+conceptualizations%C2%97facilitating+conversations%C2%97not+just+automating+routine+behavior.+Software+development+in+the+context+of+use+maintains+connection+to+non-technical%2C+social+factors+such+as+ownership+of+ideas+and+authority+to+participate.+The+role+of+knowledge+engineering+is+not+merely+%22capturing+knowledge%22+in+a+program+delivered+by+technicians+to+users.+Rather%2C+we+seek+to+develop+tools+that+help+people+in+a+community%2C+in+their+everyday+practice+of+creating+new+understandings+and+capabilities%2C+new+forms+of+knowledge.&rft.publisher=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+New+York&rft.contributor=Ford%2C+K.M.&rft.contributor=Bradshaw%2C+J.M.&rft.date=1993&rft.type=Book+Chapter&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F312%2F1%2F125.htm&rft.identifier=++Clancey%2C+William+J.++(1993)+The+knowledge+level+reinterpreted%3A+Modeling+socio-technical+systems.++%5BBook+Chapter%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F312%2F