?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Pumping+Up+Intelligence%3A+Abrupt+Climate+Jumps+and+the+Evolution+of+Higher+Intellectual+Functions+during+the+Ice+Ages&rft.creator=Calvin%2C+William+H&rft.subject=Sociobiology&rft.subject=Evolution&rft.description=The+title+is+not+a+metaphor%2C+though+past+tense+might+be+better+as+this+chapter+is+about+how+each+of+the+many+hundred+abrupt+coolings+of+the+last+several+million+years+could+have+served+as+a+pump+stroke%2C+each+elevating+intelligence+a+small+increment+-+even+though+what+natural+selection+was+operating+on+was+not+intelligence+per+se.%0A%0AWhile+we+often+use+the+term+'intelligence'+to+encompass+both+a+broad+range+of+abilities+and+the+efficiency+with+which+they're+enacted%2C+it+also+implies+flexibility+and+creativity%2C+an+%22ability+to+slip+the+bonds+of+instinct+and+generate+novel+solutions+to+problems%22+(Gould+and+Gould+1994%2C+p.+70).+Those+three+pillars+of+animal+intelligence+-+association%2C+imitation%2C+and+insight+-+are+also+impressive+(Byrne+1994)%2C+as+are+the+occasional+symbolic+(Deacon+1997)+and+reasoning+(Gould+%26+Gould%2C+1998)+abilities.+But+Piaget+(1929%3B+1952)+said+that+intelligence+is+what+you+use+when+you+don't+know+what+to+do%2C+when+neither+innateness+nor+learning+has+prepared+you+for+the+particular+situation.%0A&rft.publisher=L.+Erlbaum&rft.contributor=Sternberg%2C+R.+J.&rft.date=2001&rft.type=Book+Chapter&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F3219%2F1%2F1999intelligence-chapter.htm&rft.identifier=++Calvin%2C+William+H++(2001)+Pumping+Up+Intelligence%3A+Abrupt+Climate+Jumps+and+the+Evolution+of+Higher+Intellectual+Functions+during+the+Ice+Ages.++%5BBook+Chapter%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F3219%2F