creators_name: French, Robert M. creators_name: Brédart, Serge creators_name: Huart, Johanne creators_name: Labiouse, Christophe L. editors_name: Gleitman, L. R. editors_name: Joshi, A. K. type: confpaper datestamp: 2004-05-12 lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:55:36 metadata_visibility: show title: The Resemblance of One-year-old Infants to Their Fathers: Refuting Christenfeld & Hill (1995) ispublished: pub subjects: evol-psy full_text_status: public keywords: parental resemblance, cuckoldry abstract: In 1995 Christenfeld and Hill published a paper that purported to show at one year of age, infants resemble their fathers more than their mothers. Evolution, they argued, would have produced this result since it would ensure male parental resources, since the paternity of the infant would no longer be in doubt. We believe this result is false. We present the results of two experiments (and mention a third) which are very far from replicating Christenfeld and Hill’s data. In addition, we provide an evolutionary explanation as to why evolution would not have favored the result reported by Christenfeld and Hill. date: 2000 date_type: published publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum pagerange: 148-153 refereed: TRUE referencetext: Baker, R. & Bellis, M. (1995). Human Sperm Competition. London: Chapman and Hall, 142-144. Bellis, M. & Baker, R. (1990). Do Females Promote Sperm Competition? Data for Humans. Animal Behaviour, 40, 997-999. Bennett, E. & Calvin, M. (1964). Failure to train Planarians reliably. Neurosciences Research Program Bulletin, July-August, 3-24. Brédart, S. & French, R.M. (1999). Do babies resemble their fathers more than their mothers? A failure to replicate Christenfeld & Hill (1995). Evolution and Human Behavior, 20(3), 129-135. Byrne et al., (1966). Memory transfer. Science, 153, 658-9. Christenfeld, N. & Hill, E. (1995). Whose baby are you? Nature 378: 669. Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1988). Homicide. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter. Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1996). Violence against stepchildren. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 5, 77-81. Edwards, J. H. (1957). A critical examination of the reputed primary influence of ABO phenotype on fertility and sex ratio. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 11, 79-89. Gaulin, S. & Schegel, A. (1980). Paternal confidence and paternal investment: a cross-cultural test of a sociobiological hypothesis. Ethology and Sociobiology, 1, 301-309. Hdry, S. (1979). Infanticide among Animals: A Review, Classification and Examination of the Implications for the Reproductive Strategies of Females. Ethology and Sociobiology, 1, 13-40. Hilgard, E., Atkinson, R. & Atkinson, R. (1971). Intro to Psychology. Harcourt, Brace Jovan. 232-233. McConnell, J. (1962). Memory transfer through cannibalism in Planarians. J. Neurophys, 3, 42-8. Mock, D. & Fujioka, M. (1990). Monogamy and longterm pair bonding in vertebrates. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 5, 39-43. Munn, N., Fernald, L. & Fernald, P. (1969). Intro to Psychology. Houghton Mifflin. 268-269. Neel, J.V. & Weiss, M. (1975). The genetic structure of a tribal population, the Yanomama Indians. XIII. Biodemographic studies. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 42, 25-51. Pagel, M. (1997). Desperately concealing fathers: a theory of parent-infant resemblance. Animal Behaviour, 53: 973-981. Philipp, E. (1973). Discussion: moral, social and ethical issues. In Law and Ethics of A.I.D. and Embryo Transfer. Ciba Foundation Symposium (Vol. 17), G.E.W. Wostenholme and D.W. Fitzsimons (Eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier, Excerpta Medica, North- Holland, 63-66. Smith, R. L. (1984). Human sperm competition. In Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Systems, R.L. Smith (Ed.). London: Academic Press, 601-660. Symons, D. (1987). An evolutionary approach: can Darwin’s view of life shed light on human sexuality? In Theories of Human Sexuality, J. H. Geer and W. O’Donohue (Eds.) NY: Plenum, 91- 125. Trivers, R. (1972). Parental Investment and Sexual Selection. In Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man, B. Campbell (Ed.). Chicago: Aldine de Gruyter, 136-179. Wilson, M. & Daly, M. (1997). Relationship-specific social psychological adaptations. In Ciba Foundation Symposium 208: Characterizing Human Psychological Adaptations, G.R. Bock and G. Cardew (Eds.). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 253-268. citation: French, Robert M. and Brédart, Serge and Huart, Johanne and Labiouse, Christophe L. (2000) The Resemblance of One-year-old Infants to Their Fathers: Refuting Christenfeld & Hill (1995). [Conference Paper] document_url: http://cogprints.org/3632/1/cogsci2000.refute_ch.pdf