--- abstract: 'The method of internal cardioversion for restoration of sinus rhythm using transvenous electrodes has been reported in several animal6,7 and human studies 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15. Cooper et al6 tested multiple electrode configurations in a sheep model of atrial fibrillation. They demonstrated that the optimal single current pathway for internal atrial defibrillation employed two electrodes that surrounded both atria (e.g., right atrial appendage and distal coronary sinus). Similar results have been reported in several human studies12,13,14. Internal cardioversion has been shown to be superior to conventional external cardioversion in terms of primary success rate, energy requirements and the need for sedation; this superiority holds especially true for patients with a high body mass index of > 25 kg/m2 and increased transthoracic diameter1' altloc: - http://www.ipej.org/0202/alt.htm chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: Plewan given: Andreas honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Alt given: Eckhard honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 2002-04 date_type: published datestamp: 2005-05-02 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/43/12 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: - family: Singh given: Balbir honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Lokhandwala given: Yash honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Francis given: Johnson honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Gupta given: Anup honourific: '' lineage: '' eprint_status: archive eprintid: 4312 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/text_html.png;/4312/1/alt.htm full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'Atrial Fibrillation; Internal Cardioversion ' lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:56:02 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: 2 pagerange: 40-44 pubdom: TRUE publication: Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal publisher: Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Group refereed: TRUE referencetext: |- 1. Lown B, Amarasingham R, Neumann J (1962) New method for terminating cardiac arrythmias – use of synchronized capacitor discharge. JAMA 182:548-55. 2. Lundstrom T, Ryden L (1988) Chronic atrial fibrillation: long term results of direct current cardioversion. Acta Med Scand 223:53-59. 3. Dalzel GWN, Anderson J, Adgey AAJ (1990) Factors determining success and enrgy requiremnets for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Q J Med 76:903-13. 4. Morris JJ Jr, Pater RH, McIntosh HD (1966) Electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: immediate and long-term results and selection of patients. Ann Intern Med 65:216-31. 5. Schmitt C, Alt E, Plewan A, et al. (1996) Low-energy intracardiac cardioversion after failed conventional external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 28: 994-9. 6. Cooper RAS, Alferness CA, Smith WA et al. (1993) Internal cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in sheep. Circulation 87: 1673-86. 7. Powell AC, Garan H, Mc Govern BA, et al. (1992) Low energy conversion of atrial fibrillation in the sheep. Am J Cardiol 20: 707-11. 8. Alt E, Schmitt C, Ammer R, et al. (1994) Initial experience with intracardiac atrial defibrillation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. PACE 17: 1067-78. 9. Alt E, Ammer R, Lehmann G, et al. (1997) Patient characteristics and underlying heart disease as predictors of recurrent atrial fibrillation following internal and external cardioversion. Am Heart J 134: 419-425. 10. Levy S, Laurive P, Dolla E, et al. (1992) A randozimed comparison of external and internal cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation 86: 1415-20. 11. Alt E, Ammer R, Lehmann G, Schmitt C, Pasquantonio J, Schömig A (1998) Efficacy of a new balloon catheter for internal cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation without anaesthesia. Heart 79: 128-132 12. Alt E, Schmitt C, Ammer R, et al. (1997) Effect of electrode position on outcome of low-energy intracardiac cardioversion of treatment of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 79: 621-5. 13. Ideker RE, Wolf PD, Alterness CA, et al. (1991) Current concepts for selecting the location, size, and shape of defibrillation electrodes. PACE 14: 227-40. 14. Levy S, Ricard P, Lau CP, Lok NS, Camm AJ, Murgatroyd FD, Jordaens LJ, Kappenberger LJ, Brugada P, Ripley KL (1997) Multicenter low energy transvenous atrial defibrillation (XAD) trial results in different subsets of atrial fibrillation. JACC 29:750-55 15. Alt E, Ammer R Schmitt C, Evans F, Lehmann G, Pasquantonio J und Schömig A (1997) A comparsion of atrial fibrillation with low energy intracardiac cardioversion and conventional external cardioversion. Eur Heart J 18: 1796-1804 16. Tieleman RG, Van Gelder IC, Crijns HJGM, Kam PJ, Van den Berg MP, Haaksma J, Van der Woude HJ, Allessie MA (1998) Early recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion: a result of fibrillation induced electrical remodeling of the atria? J Am Coll Cardiol 31: 167-173 17. Wijffels MCEF, Kirchhof CJHJ, Dorland R, Allessie MA (1995) Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation: A study on awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation 92: 1954-1968 18. Plewan A, Valina C, Herrmann R, Alt E (1999) Initial experience with a new balloon-guided single lead catheter for internal cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and dual chamber pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 22(1Pt2): 228-232. 19. CPlewan A, Karch M, Alt E (2000) Effect of lead position on outcom of internal cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: right vs. left pulmonary artery. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 23 (abs.) 504. 20. Daoud EG, Strickberger A, Ching Man K, et al. (1997) Preoperative Amiodarone as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after heart surgery N Engl J Med 337:1785- 1791. relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 8 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2007-09-12 16:58:19 subjects: - ipej succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: "Current Status of Internal Cardioversion in Atrial Fibrillation\n" type: journalp userid: 4424 volume: 2