?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=A+Bi-Polar+Theory+of+Nominal+and+Clause+Structure+and+Function&rft.creator=Ball%2C+Dr.+Jerry+T.&rft.subject=Semantics&rft.subject=Syntax&rft.description=It+is+taken+as+axiomatic+that+grammar+encodes+meaning.+Two+key+dimensions+of+meaning+that+get+grammatically+encoded+are+referential+meaning+and+relational+meaning.+The+key+claim+is+that%2C+in+English%2C+these+two+dimensions+of+meaning+are+typically+encoded+in+distinct+grammatical+poles%E2%80%94a+referential+pole+and+a+relational+pole%E2%80%94with+a+specifier+functioning+as+the+locus+of+the+referential+pole+and+a+head+functioning+as+the+locus+of+the+relational+pole.+Specifiers+and+heads+combine+to+form+referring+expressions+corresponding+to+the+syntactic+notion+of+a+maximal+projection.+Lexical+items+and+expressions+functioning+as+modifiers+are+preferentially+attracted+to+one+pole+or+the+other.+If+the+head+of+an+expression+describes+a+relation%2C+one+or+more+complements+may+be+associated+with+the+head.+The+four+grammatical+functions+specifier%2C+head%2C+modifier+and+complement+are+generally+adequate+to+represent+much+of+the+basic+structure+and+function+of+nominals+and+clauses.+These+terms+are+borrowed+from+X-Bar+Theory%2C+but+they+are+motivated+on+semantic+grounds+having+to+do+with+their+grammatical+function+to+encode+referential+and+relational+meaning.&rft.date=2004&rft.type=Journal+(On-line%2FUnpaginated)&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4351%2F1%2Fbi-polar_theory.pdf&rft.identifier=++Ball%2C+Dr.+Jerry+T.++(2004)+A+Bi-Polar+Theory+of+Nominal+and+Clause+Structure+and+Function.++%5BJournal+(On-line%2FUnpaginated)%5D++++(Unpublished)++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4351%2F