?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=How+do+Perceptions+of+Outgroups+Indicate+Barriers+to+Civil+Society+in+Iraq%3F&rft.creator=Gresham%2C+Dr.+JN&rft.subject=Social+Psychology&rft.description=%09At+the+Iraq+%22liberation%22+in++2003%2C+many+of+us+asked%2C+%22Is+there+really+hope+for+civil+society+to+emerge+from+the+chaos%3F%22++We+guessed+about+how+Sunni%2C+Shi'a+and+Kurdish+factions+could+be+brought+together%2C+and+if+it+was+likely+that+ethnic+conflicts+would+lead+to+civil+war.++Seeking+a+better+understanding+of+the+situation%2C+this+project+tried+to+address%3A+%22How+do+Iraqis'+ethnic+and+religious+identities+relate+to+perceptions+of+other+groups+(outgroups)%3F%22+and+%22how+does+place+of+residence+relate+to+those+perceptions+about+outgroups%3F%22%09%0A%09%0AI+collected+479+surveys+of+Iraqi+opinions+in+Iraq%2C+Jordan%2C+and+The+Netherlands.+I+asked+Iraqis+for+their+own+ideas+about+their+future%2C+personal+and+collective%2C+and+their+perceptions+of+Those+Other+Groups%2C+their+%22outgroups.%22++What+did+I+find%3F++That+background+items+of+religion%2C+ethnic+origin%2C+and+location%2C+alone%2C+did+not+relate+strongly+to+respondents%E2%80%99+attitudes+towards+outgroups.++But%2C+some+combinations+of+background+items+did+give+significant+differences+in+perceptions+towards+other+groups.%0A%09For+example%2C+%22moderate%E2%80%9D+Arabs+in+Iraq+were+the+group+most+opposed+to+foreigners%2C+and+were+the+group+most+opposed+to+expatriate+Iraqis+returning+to+Iraq.++%0A%09This+project%2C+and+the+follow-up+project+on+social+networks+of+Iraqis%2C+presents+one+approach+from+which+researchers+and+fieldworkers+can+develop+theories+to+explore+and+explain+elements+of+civil+society+in+Iraq%2C+and+beyond.+%0A____%0AJon+Gresham+is+a+visiting+scholar+at+the+University+of+Utrecht%2C+Netherlands.++His+work+focuses+on+the+Middle+East%3B+he+worked+twelve+years+there.%0A&rft.date=2005-03&rft.type=Preprint&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4383%2F1%2FCivil_SocietyIraq6.pdf&rft.identifier=++Gresham%2C+Dr.+JN++(2005)+How+do+Perceptions+of+Outgroups+Indicate+Barriers+to+Civil+Society+in+Iraq%3F++%5BPreprint%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4383%2F