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--- abstract: "Cognition is thinking; it feels like something to think, and only those who can feel can think. There are also things that thinkers can do. We know neither how thinkers can think nor how they are able do what they can do. We are waiting for cognitive science to discover how. Cognitive science does this by testing hypotheses about what processes can generate what doing (“know-how”) This is called the Turing Test. It cannot test whether a process can generate feeling, hence thinking -- only whether it can generate doing. The processes that generate thinking and know-how are “distributed” within the heads of thinkers, but not across thinkers’ heads. Hence there is no such thing as distributed cognition, only collaborative cognition. Email and the Web have spawned a new form of collaborative cognition that draws upon individual brains’ real-time interactive potential in ways that were not possible in oral, written or print interactions. \n\n" altloc: - http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10997/ chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: - 63 creators_name: - family: Harnad given: Stevan honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 2005 date_type: published datestamp: 2005-06-19 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/44/04 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 4404 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/4404/1/distribcog.pdf|/style/images/fileicons/other.png;/4404/2/distribcog.doc full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: inpress issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'Cognition, computation, artificial intelligence, Turing Test, neural networks, collaboration, robotics, consciousness, feeling, thinking, Descartes, mind-reading, open access, interoperability' lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:56:06 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: 'Second special issue in the series Cognition and Technology. Distributed Cognition, Editors: Stevan Harnad and Itiel Dror. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~id/technologySI2.html' number: ~ pagerange: ~ pubdom: FALSE publication: Pragmatics and Cognition publisher: ~ refereed: FALSE referencetext: |- Baron-Cohen, S., Tager-Flusberg, H. & Cohen, D.J. (2000) (eds.) Understanding other minds. N.Y.: Oxford University Press Brody, T. and Harnad, S. (2005) Earlier Web Usage Statistics as Predictors of Later Citation Impact. JASIST (in press) http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/ Cangelosi, A., Greco, A. & Harnad, S. (2002) Symbol Grounding and the Symbolic Theft Hypothesis. In: Cangelosi, A. & Parisi, D. (Eds.) Simulating the Evolution of Language. London, Springer. http://cogprints.org/2132 Harnad, S. (1979) Creative disagreement. The Sciences 19:18 - 20. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10852/ Harnad, Stevan (1990) Creativity: Method or Magic? http://cogprints.org/1627/ Harnad, Stevan (1991) Post-Gutenberg Galaxy: The Fourth Revolution in the Means of Production of Knowledge. Public-Access Computer Systems Review 2(1):pp. 39-53. http://cogprints.org/1580/ Harnad, Stevan (1995) Interactive Cognition: Exploring the Potential of Electronic Quote/Commenting, in Gorayska, B. and Mey, J.L., Eds. Cognitive Technology: In Search of a Humane Interface, pages pp. 397-414. Elsevier. http://cogprints.org/1599/ Harnad, Stevan (2003a) Back to the Oral Tradition Through Skywriting at the Speed of Thought. Interdisciplines. http://cogprints.org/3021/ Harnad, S. (2003b) Can a Machine Be Conscious? How? Journal of Consciousness Studies. http://cogprints.org/2460/ Harnad, S. (2005) Searle's Chinese Room Argument. To appear in Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Macmillan). http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10424/01/chineseroom.html Nichols, S. & Stich (S) 2004. Mindreading. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 4, 515-526. Turing, A. M. (1950) Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Mind 49:433-460. http://cogprints.org/499/ relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 14 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2007-09-12 16:59:31 subjects: - cog-psy - phil-mind - comp-sci-robot succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: 'Distributed Processes, Distributed Cognizers and Collaborative Cognition' type: journalp userid: 63 volume: ~