@misc{cogprints4408, editor = {C. Aubry and J. Janik}, title = {Archives Ouvertes : quinze ans d'histoire}, author = {H. Bosc}, publisher = {ADBS, Paris}, year = {2005}, pages = {27--54}, journal = {Les Archives Ouvertes : enjeux et pratiques. Guide {\`a} l'usage des professionnels de l'information}, keywords = {open archives, history, }, url = {http://cogprints.org/4408/}, abstract = {L?id{\'e}e et les b{\'e}n{\'e}fices du libre acc{\`e}s aux publications scientifiques sont maintenant compris par un nombre croissant de chercheurs qui publient dans de nouvelles revues en libre acc{\`e}s, mais les possibilit{\'e}s offertes par les Archives Ouvertes qui pourraient donner un libre acc{\`e}s imm{\'e}diat {\`a} la totalit{\'e} des articles scientifiques, restent encore sous-utilis{\'e}es. Ce chapitre expose les diff{\'e}rentes tentatives faites pendant quinze ans pour g{\'e}n{\'e}raliser la pratique de l?auto archivage n{\'e}e chez les physiciens et qui mettent leurs travaux en libre acc{\`e}s (auto-archivent), depuis 1991. Les b{\'e}n{\'e}fices de l?auto-archivage et des archives ouvertes sont expliqu{\'e}s dans cet article. Toutefois, l?appropriation par les chercheurs et les institutions du processus d?auto-archivage se fait attendre. Les raisons en sont explicit{\'e}es. Les dispositions prises par certaines institutions suite {\`a} la r{\'e}union de Berlin 3 {\`a} Southampton (UK) permettent de penser que la pratique de l?auto-archivage, va consid{\'e}rablement se g{\'e}n{\'e}raliser en 2005. Le libre acc{\`e}s ainsi donn{\'e}, permettra d?augmenter l?impact scientifique des recherches men{\'e}es dans le monde. - - - - - - - - [Both the idea and the benefits of providing Open Access to scientific publications are now coming to be understood by a growing number of researchers who publish in new open access journals. However, the potential of the complementary strategy of self-archiving in Open Archives -- which could provide immediate open access to all scientific articles -- remains still under-utilized. This chapter describes the various attempts in the last fifteen years to generalize the self-archiving practice first adopted by physicists, who have been providing open access to their work since 1991. The benefit of self-archiving and open archives are explained . The adoption of the practice of self-archiving by researchers and their institutions is still too slow. The reasons for this delay are discussed. The official policies adopted by various institutions following the Berlin 3 meeting in Southampton (U.K.) now makes more likely that the practice of self-archiving will spread considerably in 2005. The open access thereby provided will increase the scientific impact of research worldwide.] } }