creators_name: Rao, Ananth creators_id: Dr. Ananth N Rao editors_name: Kakkilaya, Srinivas editors_id: Dr. B.S. Kakkilaya type: journale datestamp: 2005-07-06 lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:56:07 metadata_visibility: show title: Trace Element Estimation – Methods & Clinical Context ispublished: pub subjects: OJHAS full_text_status: public keywords: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, ICP-MS, Stripping Voltameter, Colorimetry, Electro Thermal Vaporization, Neutron Activation Analysis, Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis abstract: Understanding the effects of trace metals on human health is as complex as it is fascinating. As mentioned earlier, the high concentrations may prove toxic, as also, depletion in the concentration of the essential trace elements may cause various metabolic instabilities due to enzyme dysfunction. In the era of rapid industrialization and technological advances, it is imperative to watch keenly for contamination of the environment and its vital composition from heavy metal wastes emanating out of industries. Many metabolic disorders in man are accompanied by alterations in the concentration of one or more trace elements in some body fluid, especially blood serum or plasma It is thus important to update ourselves with various techniques available for such determinations, their operational aspects, advantages / disadvantages etc. More recently, element analysis from hair and nail has been stated as the best indices of such contamination and has also been discussed in this article. date: 2005-05 date_type: published publication: Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences volume: 4 number: 1 publisher: Dr. B.S. Kakkilaya refereed: TRUE referencetext: 1. McCall JT, Goldstein NP, Smith LH. Implication of trace metals in human diseases. Fed. Thoc. 1971;30:1011. 2. Amos MD, Bennett PA, Brodie KG et al. Carbon rod atomizer in atomic absorption and fluorescence spectrometry and its clinical application. Anal. Chem. 1971;43:211. 3. Morrison GH. Evaluation of lunar elemental analyses (report for Anal. Chem.). Anal. Chem. 1971;43:22A. 4. Thompson G. Spectroscopy in oceanography. The Spex Speaker 1971;XVI(2): 1-8. 5. Maugh TH. Trace elements: A growing appreciation of their effects on man. Science. 1973;181:253. 6. Laitinen HA. Analytical chemistry in environmental science. Anal. Chem. 1971;43:809. 7. Thiers RB. Contamination in trace element analysis and its control In Glick D (Ed). Methods of Biochemical Analysis. Vol. 5. New York: Interscience N. V; 1957. p.273. 8. Anand VD, White JM, Nino HV. Some Aspects of Specimen Collection and Stability In Trace Element Analysis of Body Fluids. Clin. Chem. 1975;21/4:595-602. 9. Thomas RJ. Clinical atomic spectroscopy: Determining the link between trace metals and human disease. Today’s Chemists at Work. 2002 January;11(1):37–42. 10. Tiwari VS, Agrawal A, Mohd. S, Agrawal V. Comparative study of zinc levels in benign and malignant lesions of prostate. Indian J Surg 2004;66:352-355. 11. Winefordner JD, Latz HW. Factorsinfluencingsample flow rate in flame photometry. Anal Chem 1961;33:1727. 12. Nishi Y. Zinc levels in plasma, erythrocytes and leukocytes in healthy children and adults. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1980;29:7-13. 13. Stevens MD, McKenzie WF, Anand VD. A simplified method of determination of zinc in whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes by atomic Absorption spectro-photometry. Biochem Med 1977;18:158-163. 14. Gorsuch TT. Accuracy in Trace Analysis In: Gaithersburg MD Editor. Sampling, Sample Handling, and Analysis. Vol. II. 1976. pp 491-507 15. Kawamura H, Masayoshi Y, Igarashi Y, Shiraishi K, Ueno K. Naturally occurring 226Ra concentrations in bone at various ages and alpha doses in adults. Health Phys. 1991;61:615-622. 16. Henshaw DL, Keithch PA, James PR. Lead-210, polonium- 210 and vehicle exhaust pollution. Lancet 1995;345:324-325. 17. Swift B. Dating human skeletal remains: investigating the viability of measuring the equilibrium between polonium-210 and lead-210 as a means of estimating the post-mortem interval. Forensic Sci. Int. 1998;98:119-126. 18. Knight B, Lauder I. Methods of dating skeletal remains. Hum. Biol. 1969;41:322-341. 19. Knight B, Lauder I. Practical methods of dating skeletal remains: a preliminary study. Med. Sci. Law 1967;7:205-209. 20. Henshaw DL, Hatzialekou U, Randle PH. Analysis of alpha-particle autoradiographs of bone samples from adults and children in the UK at natural levels of exposure. Radiat. Protect. Dosim. 1988;22:231-242. 21. Vaughan MA, Balnes AO, Templeton DM. Multielement Analysis of Biological Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry II. Rapid Survey Method for Profiling Trace Elements in Body Fluids. Clin. Chem. 1991;37/2:210-215 citation: Rao Nanjunda, Dr. Ananth (2005) Trace Element Estimation – Methods & Clinical Context. [Journal (On-line/Unpaginated)] document_url: http://cogprints.org/4433/1/2005-1-1.pdf