?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Measuring+Semantic+Similarity+by+Latent+Relational+Analysis&rft.creator=Turney%2C+Peter+D.&rft.subject=Language&rft.subject=Computational+Linguistics&rft.subject=Semantics&rft.subject=Machine+Learning&rft.subject=Artificial+Intelligence&rft.description=This+paper+introduces+Latent+Relational+Analysis+(LRA)%2C+a+method+for+measuring+semantic+similarity.+LRA+measures+similarity+in+the+semantic+relations+between+two+pairs+of+words.+When+two+pairs+have+a+high+degree+of+relational+similarity%2C+they+are+analogous.+For+example%2C+the+pair+cat%3Ameow+is+analogous+to+the+pair+dog%3Abark.+There+is+evidence+from+cognitive+science+that+relational+similarity+is+fundamental+to+many+cognitive+and+linguistic+tasks+(e.g.%2C+analogical+reasoning).+In+the+Vector+Space+Model+(VSM)+approach+to+measuring+relational+similarity%2C+the+similarity+between+two+pairs+is+calculated+by+the+cosine+of+the+angle+between+the+vectors+that+represent+the+two+pairs.+The+elements+in+the+vectors+are+based+on+the+frequencies+of+manually+constructed+patterns+in+a+large+corpus.+LRA+extends+the+VSM+approach+in+three+ways%3A+(1)+patterns+are+derived+automatically+from+the+corpus%2C+(2)+Singular+Value+Decomposition+is+used+to+smooth+the+frequency+data%2C+and+(3)+synonyms+are+used+to+reformulate+word+pairs.+This+paper+describes+the+LRA+algorithm+and+experimentally+compares+LRA+to+VSM+on+two+tasks%2C+answering+college-level+multiple-choice+word+analogy+questions+and+classifying+semantic+relations+in+noun-modifier+expressions.+LRA+achieves+state-of-the-art+results%2C+reaching+human-level+performance+on+the+analogy+questions+and+significantly+exceeding+VSM+performance+on+both+tasks.&rft.date=2005&rft.type=Conference+Paper&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4501%2F1%2FNRC-48255.pdf&rft.identifier=++Turney%2C+Peter+D.++(2005)+Measuring+Semantic+Similarity+by+Latent+Relational+Analysis.++%5BConference+Paper%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4501%2F