?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Gene+Therapy+in+Cardiac+Arrhythmias%0A&rft.creator=Praveen%2C+S.V&rft.creator=Francis%2C+Johnson&rft.creator=Venugopal%2C+K&rft.subject=Indian+Pacing+and+Electrophysiology+Journal&rft.description=Gene+therapy+has+progressed+from++a+dream+to+a+bedside+reality+in+quite+a+few+human+diseases.+From+its+first+application+in+adenosine++deaminase+deficiency%2C+through+the+years%2C++its+application+has+evolved+to+vascular+angiogenesis+and+cardiac+arrhythmias.+Gene+based+biological+pacemakers++using+viral+vectors+or+mesenchymal+cells+tested+in+animal+models+hold+much+promise.+Induction+of+pacemaker+activity+within+the+left+bundle+branch+can+provide+stable+heart+rates.+Genetic+modification+of+the+AV+node+mimicking+beta+blockade+can+be+therapeutic+in+the+management+of+atrial+fibrillation.+G+protein+overexpression+to+modify+the+AV+node+also+is+experimental.+Modification+and+expression+of+potassium+channel+genes+altering+the+delayed+rectifier+potassium+currents+may+permit+better+management+of+congenital+long+QT++syndromes.+Arrhythmias+in+a+failing+heart+are+due+to+abnormal+calcium+cycling.+Potential+targets+for+genetic+modulation+include+the+sarcoplasmic+reticulum+calcium+pump%2C+calsequestrin+and+sodium+calcium+exchanger.Lastly+the+ethical+concerns+need+to+be+addressed.&rft.publisher=Indian+Pacing+and+Electrophysiology+Group&rft.contributor=Singh%2C+Balbir&rft.contributor=Lokhandwala%2C+Yash&rft.contributor=Francis%2C+Johnson&rft.contributor=Gupta%2C+Anup&rft.contributor=Ghosh%2C+Joydeep&rft.date=2006-04&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4805%2F1%2Fpraveen.htm&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4805%2F2%2Fpraveen.pdf&rft.identifier=++Praveen%2C+S.V+and+Francis%2C+Johnson+and+Venugopal%2C+K++(2006)+Gene+Therapy+in+Cardiac+Arrhythmias.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4805%2F