?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Complexity+and+Philosophy&rft.creator=Heylighen%2C+Francis&rft.creator=Cilliers%2C+Paul&rft.creator=Gershenson%2C+Carlos&rft.subject=Complexity+Theory&rft.subject=Philosophy+of+Science&rft.subject=Metaphysics&rft.subject=Epistemology&rft.description=The+science+of+complexity+is+based+on+a+new+way+of+thinking+that%0Astands+in+sharp+contrast+to+the+philosophy+underlying+Newtonian+science%2C+which+is%0Abased+on+reductionism%2C+determinism%2C+and+objective+knowledge.+This+paper+reviews%0Athe+historical+development+of+this+new+world+view%2C+focusing+on+its+philosophical%0Afoundations.+Determinism+was+challenged+by+quantum+mechanics+and+chaos+theory.%0ASystems+theory+replaced+reductionism+by+a+scientifically+based+holism.+Cybernetics%0Aand+postmodern+social+science+showed+that+knowledge+is+intrinsically+subjective.%0AThese+developments+are+being+integrated+under+the+header+of+%E2%80%9Ccomplexity+science%E2%80%9D.%0AIts+central+paradigm+is+the+multi-agent+system.+Agents+are+intrinsically+subjective%0Aand+uncertain+about+their+environment+and+future%2C+but+out+of+their+local+interactions%2C%0Aa+global+organization+emerges.+Although+different+philosophers%2C+and+in+particular+the%0Apostmodernists%2C+have+voiced+similar+ideas%2C+the+paradigm+of+complexity+still+needs+to%0Abe+fully+assimilated+by+philosophy.+This+will+throw+a+new+light+on+old+philosophical%0Aissues+such+as+relativism%2C+ethics+and+the+role+of+the+subject.&rft.publisher=Radcliffe&rft.date=2006&rft.type=Book+Chapter&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4847%2F1%2FComplexityPhilosophy.doc.pdf&rft.identifier=++Heylighen%2C+Francis+and+Cilliers%2C+Paul+and+Gershenson%2C+Carlos++(2006)+Complexity+and+Philosophy.++%5BBook+Chapter%5D++++(In+Press)++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4847%2F