?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Tracing+the+Biological+Roots+of+Knowledge&rft.creator=Nagarjuna%2C+G.&rft.subject=Developmental+Psychology&rft.subject=Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.subject=Epistemology&rft.description=+++The+essay+is+a+critical+review+of+three+possible+approaches+in+the+theory+of+knowledge+while++tracing+the+biological+roots+of+knowledge%3A+empiricist%2C+rationalist+and+developmentalist+approaches.+%0APiaget's+++genetic+++epistemology%2C+++a+++developmentalist+++approach%2C+++is+++one+++of+++the+++first+++comprehensive+%0Atreatments+on+the+question+of+tracing+biological+roots+of+knowledge.+This+developmental+approach+is+%0Acurrently++opposed%2C+without+questioning++the+biological+roots+of+knowledge%2C+by+the+more+popular+%0Arationalist+approach%2C+championed+by+Chomsky.+++Developmental+approaches+are+generally+coherent+%0Awith+cybernetic+models%2C+of+which+the+theory+of+autopoiesis+proposed+by+Maturana+and+Varela+made+%0Aa+++significant+++theoretical+++move+++in+++proposing+++an+++intimate+++connection+++between+++metabolism+++and+%0Aknowledge.+++Modular+architecture+is+currently+considered+more+or+less+an+undisputable+model+for+%0Aboth+biology+as+well+as+cognitive+science.+By+suggesting+that+modulation+of+modules+is+possible+by+%0Amotor+coordination%2C+a+proposal+is+made+to+account+for+higher+forms+of+conscious+cognition+within+%0Athe+++four+++distinguishable+++layers+++of+++the+++human+++mind.+++Towards+++the+++end%2C+++the+++problem+++of+++life+++and+%0Acognition+is+discussed+in+the+context+of+the+evolution+of+complex+cognitive+systems%2C+suggesting+the+%0Aunique+access+of+phylogeny+during+the+ontogeny+of+human+beings+as+a+very+special+case%2C+and+how+%0Athe+problem+cannot+be+dealt+with+independent+of+the+evolution+of+coding+systems+in+nature.%0A&rft.publisher=Project+of+History+of+Indian+Science%2C+Philosophy+and+Culture+(PHISPC)&rft.contributor=Rangaswamy%2C+N.S.&rft.date=2006&rft.type=Book+Chapter&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4896%2F1%2Fbio-roots-knowledge.pdf&rft.identifier=++Nagarjuna%2C+G.++(2006)+Tracing+the+Biological+Roots+of+Knowledge.++%5BBook+Chapter%5D++++(In+Press)++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4896%2F