--- abstract: 'Formal education can be improved by transferring responsibility from the teacher to the learner. A simple approach to this is the time contract. Time contracts have been used successfully in nine quasi-experiments but, despite these successes, some educators see this as subversive research.' altloc: - http://marketing.wharton.upenn.edu/forecast/paperpdf/Learner%20Responsibility.pdf chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: Armstrong given: J. Scott honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 1983 date_type: published datestamp: 2006-10-05 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/51/91 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 5191 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/5191/1/Learner_Responsibility.pdf full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: ~ lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:56:37 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: ~ pagerange: 26-38 pubdom: FALSE publication: Interfaces publisher: ~ refereed: FALSE referencetext: |- Amrstrong, J. Scott (1980), “Teacher vs. learner responsibility in management education,” Working Paper, Department of Marketing, Wharton School (copy available from author). Armstrong, J. Scott (1982a), “Research on scientific journals: Implications for editors and authors,” Journal of Forecasting, 1 (1), 83 - 104. Armstrong, J. Scott (1982b), “The use of time contracts in formal education,” Working Paper, Department of Marketing. Wharton School (full text at http://jscottarmstrong.com). Astin, Alexander W. (1968), “Undergraduate achievement and institutional excellence,” Science, 161 (August 16), 661-668. Attiyeh, Richard and Lumsden, Keith G. (1972), “Some modern myths in teaching economics: The U.K. experience,” American Economic Review, 62 (2), 629-173. Batson, C. Daniel (1975). “Rational processing or rationalization? The effect of disconfirming information on a naked religious belief,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77 (1), 176-181. Berg, Ivar (1970), Education and Jobs: The Great Training Robbery. New York: Praeger, New York. Blumberg, Paul (1968), Industrial Democracy: The Sociology of Participation. New York: Schocken Books. Burgoyne, John and Stuart, Roger (1978), Management Development: Context and Strategies. Famborough: Gower Press. Condry, John (1977), “Enemies of exploration: Self-initiated versus other-initiated learning,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35 (7), 159-177. Dubin, Robert and Taveggia, Thomas C. (1968), The Teaching-Learning Paradox. Eugene, OR: Center for Advanced Study of Educational Administration, University of Oregon. Gage, N. L. (1978), The Scientific Basis of the Art of Teaching. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University. Harrison, Roger (1971), “Self-directed learning, a radical approach to educational design,” Simulation and Games, 8 (1), 73-94. Hoyt, D. P. (1966), “College grades and adult accomplishment: Review of research,” The Educational Record, 17 (1), 70-75. Levine, Fredric M. and Fasnacht, G. (1971), “Token rewards may lead to token learning,” American Psychologist, 29 (11), 816-820. Jencks, Christopher (1972), Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family end Schooling in America, New York: Basic Books. Schick, G. J. and Kunnecke, B. F. (1982). “Do high grades, top schools or an advanced degree lead to job security and extraordinary salary progression?,” Interfaces, 12 (1) 9-18. Tough, Allen (1979), The Adult’s Learning Projects: A Fresh Approach to theory and Practice in Adult Learning, 2nd Edition. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. Tough, Allen (1982), Intentional Changes. Chicago: Follett Publication Co. relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 12 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2007-09-12 17:07:42 subjects: - behanal succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: 'Learner Responsibility in Management Education, or Ventures into Forbidden Research (with Comments)' type: journalp userid: 214 volume: 13