?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Spectacular+pehnomena+and+limits+to+rationality+in+genetic+and+cultural+evolution&rft.creator=Enquist%2C+Magnus&rft.creator=Arak%2C+Anthony&rft.creator=Ghirlanda%2C+Stefano&rft.creator=Wachtmeister%2C+Carl-Adam&rft.subject=Ethology&rft.subject=Animal+Cognition&rft.subject=Sociobiology&rft.subject=Evolution&rft.subject=Neural+Nets&rft.subject=Theoretical+Biology&rft.subject=Animal+Behavior&rft.description=In+studies+of+both+animal+and+human+behaviour%2C+game+theory+is+used+as+a+tool+for+understanding+strategies+that+appear+in+interactions+between+individuals.+Game+theory+focuses+on+adaptive+behaviour%2C+which+can+be+attained+only+at+evolutionary+equilibrium.+Here+we+suggest+that+behaviour+appearing+during+interactions+is+often+outside+the+scope+of+such+analysis.+In+many+types+of+interaction%2C+conflicts+of+interest+exist+between+players%2C+fueling+the+evolution+of+manipulative+strategies.+Such+strategies+evolve+out+of+equilibrium%2C+commonly+appearing+as+spectacular+morphology+or+behaviour+with+obscure+meaning%2C+to+which+other+players+may+react+in+non-adaptive%2C+irrational+way+approach%2C+and+outline+the+conditions+in+which+evolutionary+equilibria+cannot+be+maintained.+Evidence+from+studies+of+biological+interactions+seems+to+support+the+view+that+behaviour+is+often+not+at+equilibrium.+This+also+appears+to+be+the+case+for+many+human+cultural+traits%2C+which+have+spread+rapidly+despite+the+fact+that+they+have+a+negative+influence+on+reproduction.&rft.date=2002&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5277%2F1%2Fenquist_arak_ghirlanda_wachtmeister2002.pdf&rft.identifier=++Enquist%2C+Magnus+and+Arak%2C+Anthony+and+Ghirlanda%2C+Stefano+and+Wachtmeister%2C+Carl-Adam++(2002)+Spectacular+pehnomena+and+limits+to+rationality+in+genetic+and+cultural+evolution.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5277%2F