?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Can+a+machine+be+conscious%3F+How%3F%0D%0A&rft.creator=Harnad%2C+Stevan&rft.subject=Neural+Modelling&rft.subject=Cognitive+Psychology&rft.subject=Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.subject=Robotics&rft.subject=Theoretical+Biology&rft.description=A+%22machine%22+is+any+causal+physical+system%2C+hence+we+are+machines%2C+hence+machines+can+be+conscious.+The+question+is%3A+which+kinds+of+machines+can+be+conscious%3F+Chances+are+that+robots+that+can+pass+the+Turing+Test+--+completely+indistinguishable+from+us+in+their+behavioral+capacities+--+can+be+conscious+(i.e.+feel)%2C+but+we+can+never+be+sure+(because+of+the+%22other-minds%22+problem).+And+we+can+never+know+HOW+they+have+minds%2C+because+of+the+%22mind%2Fbody%22+problem.+We+can+only+know+how+they+pass+the+Turing+Test%2C+but+not+how%2C+why+or+whether+that+makes+them+feel.&rft.date=2003&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5330%2F1%2Fmachine.html&rft.identifier=++Harnad%2C+Stevan++(2003)+Can+a+machine+be+conscious%3F+How%3F++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5330%2F