?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=UNERTAN+SYNDROME%3A+A+CASE+SERIES+DEMONSTRTAING+HUMAN+DEVOLUTION&rft.creator=TAN%2C+Prof.+Dr.+Uner&rft.creator=KARACA%2C+Dr.+Sibel&rft.creator=TAN%2C+Assoc.+Prof.+Meliha&rft.creator=YILMAZ%2C+Dr.+Bekir&rft.creator=BAGCI%2C+Dr.+Namik+Kemal&rft.creator=OZKUR%2C+Dr.+Ayhan&rft.creator=PENCE%2C+Assoc.+Prof.+Sadrettin&rft.subject=Evolution&rft.subject=Behavioral+%26+Brain+Sciences&rft.description=A+large+family+with+six+individuals+exhibiting+the+Unertan+syndrome+(UTS)+was+identified+residing+in+southern+Turkey.+All+of+the+individuals+had+mental+impairments+and+walked+on+all+four+extremities.+The+intra-familial+marriages+suggested+that+the+UTS+is+an+autosomal+recessive+disorder.+The+inferior+portions+of+the+cerebellum+and+vermis+were+absent+as+evidenced+by+MRI+and+CT+scans.+The+height+and+head+circumference+of+those+affected+were+within+normal+ranges.+Barany%E2%80%99s+test+suggested+normal+vestibular+system+function.+The+subjects+could+not+name+objects+or+their+close+relatives.+The+males+(n+%3D+4)+could+understand%0Asimple+questions%2C+answering+them+with+only+one+or+two+sounds.+The+females+(n+%3D+2)+were+superior+to+the+males+with+respect+to+language+skills+and+walking%2C+suggesting+an+association+between+walking+and+speaking+abilities.+One+male+exhibited+three+walking+patterns+at+the+same+time%3A+quadripedal%2C+tiptoe%2C+and+scissor+walking.+Another+male+used+two+walking+styles%3A+quadripedal+and+toe-walking.+It+is+emphasized+that+there+are+important+differences+between+the%0AUTS+and+the+disequilibrium+syndrome+(DES).+It+is+suggested+that+the+inability+to+walk+upright+in+those+affected+with+the+UTS+may+be+best+explained+by+a+disturbance+in+lateral-balance+mechanisms.+An+interruption+of+locomotor+development+during+the+transition+from+quadripedality+to+bipedality+may+result+in+habitual+walking+on+all+four+extremities+and+is+normal+in+some+children.+Since+quadripedal+gait+is+an+ancestral+trait%2C+individuals+with+the+UTS%2C+exhibiting+a+manifestation+of+reverse+evolution+in+humans%2C+may+be+considered+an+experiment+of+nature%2C+useful+in+understanding+the+mechanisms+underlying+the+transition+from+quadripedality+to+bipedality+during+human+evolution.+The+proposed+mutant+gene+or+gene+pool+playing+a+role+in+human+quadrupedality+may+also+be+responsible+for+human+bipedality+at+the+same+time.+Herein+there+is+no+intent+to+insult+or+injure%2C+rather+this+report+is+an+endeavor+to%0Abetter+understand+human+beings.&rft.date=2007&rft.type=Preprint&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5444%2F1%2FMS_UnerTan_Syndrome_edited__04_march_2007_%2528last%2529.pdf&rft.identifier=++TAN%2C+Prof.+Dr.+Uner+and+KARACA%2C+Dr.+Sibel+and+TAN%2C+Assoc.+Prof.+Meliha+and+YILMAZ%2C+Dr.+Bekir+and+BAGCI%2C+Dr.+Namik+Kemal+and+OZKUR%2C+Dr.+Ayhan+and+PENCE%2C+Assoc.+Prof.+Sadrettin++(2007)+UNERTAN+SYNDROME%3A+A+CASE+SERIES+DEMONSTRTAING+HUMAN+DEVOLUTION.++%5BPreprint%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5444%2F