creators_name: TAN, Uner creators_name: KARACA, Sibel creators_name: TAN, Meliha creators_name: YILMAZ, Bekir creators_name: BAGCI, Namik Kemal creators_name: OZKUR, Ayhan creators_name: PENCE, Sadrettin type: preprint datestamp: 2007-03-07 lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:56:48 metadata_visibility: show title: UNERTAN SYNDROME: A CASE SERIES DEMONSTRTAING HUMAN DEVOLUTION subjects: bio-evo subjects: BBS full_text_status: public keywords: Unertan syndrome, quadripedality, scissoring gait, toe-gait, language impairment, ataxia, cerebellar hypoplasia, vermial hypoplasia abstract: A large family with six individuals exhibiting the Unertan syndrome (UTS) was identified residing in southern Turkey. All of the individuals had mental impairments and walked on all four extremities. The intra-familial marriages suggested that the UTS is an autosomal recessive disorder. The inferior portions of the cerebellum and vermis were absent as evidenced by MRI and CT scans. The height and head circumference of those affected were within normal ranges. Barany’s test suggested normal vestibular system function. The subjects could not name objects or their close relatives. The males (n = 4) could understand simple questions, answering them with only one or two sounds. The females (n = 2) were superior to the males with respect to language skills and walking, suggesting an association between walking and speaking abilities. One male exhibited three walking patterns at the same time: quadripedal, tiptoe, and scissor walking. Another male used two walking styles: quadripedal and toe-walking. It is emphasized that there are important differences between the UTS and the disequilibrium syndrome (DES). It is suggested that the inability to walk upright in those affected with the UTS may be best explained by a disturbance in lateral-balance mechanisms. An interruption of locomotor development during the transition from quadripedality to bipedality may result in habitual walking on all four extremities and is normal in some children. Since quadripedal gait is an ancestral trait, individuals with the UTS, exhibiting a manifestation of reverse evolution in humans, may be considered an experiment of nature, useful in understanding the mechanisms underlying the transition from quadripedality to bipedality during human evolution. The proposed mutant gene or gene pool playing a role in human quadrupedality may also be responsible for human bipedality at the same time. Herein there is no intent to insult or injure, rather this report is an endeavor to better understand human beings. date: 2007 date_type: published refereed: FALSE referencetext: Bense, S., Deutschlaender, A., Stephan, Th., Bartenstein, P., Schwaiger, M., Brandt, Th., & Dieterich, M. (2004). 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