--- abstract: "A large family with six individuals exhibiting the Unertan syndrome (UTS)was identified residing in southern Turkey. All of the individuals had mental impairments and walked on all four extremities. The practice of intra-familial\r\nmarriages suggested that theUTS may be an autosomal recessive disorder, similar to previously described cases. The inferior portions of the cerebellum and vermis were\r\nabsent as evidenced by MRI and CT scans. The height and head circumference of those affected were within normal ranges. Barany’s test suggested normal vestibular\r\nsystem function. The subjects could not name objects or their close relatives. The males (n = 4) could understand simple questions and commands, but answered questions with only one or two sounds. The females (n = 2) were superior to\r\nthe males with respect to language skills and walking, suggesting an association between walking and speaking abilities. One male exhibited three walking patterns\r\nat the same time: quadripedal, tiptoe, and scissor walking. Another male used two walking styles: quadripedal and toe-walking. It is emphasized that there are important differences between the UTS and the disequilibrium syndrome. It is suggested that the inability to walk upright in those affected with the UTS may be\r\nbest explained by a disturbance in lateral-balance mechanisms,without being related to the cerebello-vestibular system.An interruption of locomotor development during the transition from quadripedality to bipedality may result in habitual walking on all four extremities and is normal in some children. Because quadripedal\r\ngait is an ancestral trait, individuals with the UTS, exhibiting a manifestation of reverse evolution in humans, may be considered an experiment of nature, useful\r\nin understanding the mechanisms underlying the transition from quadripedality to bipedality during human evolution. The proposed mutant gene or gene pool playing\r\na role in human quadrupedality may also be responsible for human bipedality at the same time. Herein there is no intent to insult or injure; rather, this report is an\r\nendeavor to better understand human beings. Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher’s online edition of International Journal of\r\nNeuroscience for the following free supplemental resource(s): video clips." altloc: - http://www.taylorandfrancis.com chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: - unertan37@yahoo.com - sibelemre2003@yahoo.com - Meliha_Tan@yahoo.com creators_name: - family: Tan given: Uner honourific: Prof. Dr. lineage: '' - family: Karaca given: Sibel honourific: Dr. lineage: '' - family: Tan given: 'Meliha ' honourific: 'Dr. ' lineage: '' date: 2007-11-28 date_type: published datestamp: 2007-12-10 21:45:54 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/58/58 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: - family: Weinstein given: Sidney honourific: 'Prof. Dr. ' lineage: '' - family: Tan given: Uner honourific: 'Prof. DR. ' lineage: '' eprint_status: archive eprintid: 5858 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/5858/1/UTS_A_CASE_SERIES%2C_IJN%2C_1%2C_1%2D26%2C_2008.pdf full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'ataxia, cerebellar hypoplasia, language, quadrupedality, scissoring gait, toe-gait, Unertan syndrome, vermial hypoplasia' lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:57:01 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: 1 pagerange: 1-25 pubdom: TRUE publication: International Journal of Neuroscience publisher: Informa Healthcare refereed: TRUE referencetext: "Bense, S., Deutschlaender, A., Stephan, Th., Bartenstein, P., Schwaiger, M., Brandt, Th., & Dieterich, M. (2004). 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Reversal of Hox1 gene subfunctionalization in the mouse. Developmental Cell, 11, 239–250." relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 31 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2007-12-10 21:45:54 subjects: - neuro-neu - neuro-psych succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: 'UNERTAN SYNDROME: A CASE SERIES DEMONSTRATING HUMAN DEVOLUTION' type: journalp userid: 4979 volume: 118