---
abstract: 'Ingestion of placenta and amniotic fluid has been shown to enhance opioid-mediated analgesia produced by morphine injection, footshock, vaginal/cervical stimulation, and during late pregnancy in rats. The present study was designed to determine how soon after ingestion the enhancement begins and how long it lasts. Tail-flick latencies in Long-Evans rats were determined before and during vaginal/cervical stimulation; analgesia was measured as the percent increase in tail-flick latency during vaginal stimulation. After determination of baseline, rats were intubated with 0.25 ml of either amniotic fluid or beef bouillon. We found that analgesia enhancement was detectable as early as 5 minutes after ingestion of amniotic fluid, and the effect lasted at least 30 minutes, but no longer than 40 minutes.'
altloc: []
chapter: ~
commentary: ~
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contact_email: ~
creators_id:
  - ~
  - kristal@buffalo.edu
creators_name:
  - family: Doerr
    given: Jean C.
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
  - family: Kristal
    given: Mark B.
    honourific: Dr.
    lineage: ''
date: 1989
date_type: published
datestamp: 2008-10-16 13:50:10
department: ~
dir: disk0/00/00/62/17
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editors_id: []
editors_name: []
eprint_status: archive
eprintid: 6217
fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/6217/1/duration.pdf
full_text_status: public
importid: ~
institution: ~
isbn: ~
ispublished: pub
issn: ~
item_issues_comment: []
item_issues_count: 0
item_issues_description: []
item_issues_id: []
item_issues_reported_by: []
item_issues_resolved_by: []
item_issues_status: []
item_issues_timestamp: []
item_issues_type: []
keywords: 'POEF, analgesia, opioids, VSIA, rats, pain, parturition, tail-flick latency, amniotic fluid'
lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:57:12
latitude: ~
longitude: ~
metadata_visibility: show
note: ~
number: 5
pagerange: 913-915
pubdom: TRUE
publication: Physiology & Behavior
publisher: Pergamon Press
refereed: TRUE
referencetext: ~
relation_type: []
relation_uri: []
reportno: ~
rev_number: 24
series: ~
source: ~
status_changed: 2008-10-16 13:50:10
subjects:
  - psy-bio
  - physio-psy
  - behav-neuro-sci
succeeds: ~
suggestions: ~
sword_depositor: ~
sword_slug: ~
thesistype: ~
title: "Enhancement of Opioid-Mediated Analgesia\r\nby Ingestion of Amniotic Fluid:\r\nOnset Latency and Duration"
type: journalp
userid: 88
volume: 46
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