?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Lighting+as+a+Circadian+Rhythm-Entraining+and+Alertness-Enhancing+Stimulus+in+the+Submarine+Environment&rft.creator=Crepeau%2C+L.+J.&rft.creator=Bullough%2C+J.+D.&rft.creator=Figueiro%2C+M.+G.&rft.creator=Porter%2C+S.&rft.creator=Rea%2C+M.+S.&rft.subject=Neuroendocrinology&rft.subject=Physiological+Psychology&rft.subject=Behavioral+Neuroscience&rft.description=The+human+brain+can+only+accommodate+a+circadian+rhythm+that+closely+follows+24+hours.+Thus%2C+for+a+work+schedule+to+meet+the+brain%E2%80%99s+hard-wired+requirement%2C+it+must+employ+a+24+hour-based+program.+However%2C+the+6+hours+on%2C+12+hours+off+(6%2F12)+submarine+watchstanding+schedule+creates+an+18-hour+%E2%80%9Cday%E2%80%9D+that+Submariners+must+follow.+Clearly%2C+the+6%2F12+schedule+categorically+fails+to+meet+the+brain%E2%80%99s+operational+design%2C+and+no+schedule+other+than+one+tuned+to+the+brain%E2%80%99s+24+hour+rhythm+can+optimize+performance.+Providing+Submariners+with+a+24+hour-based+watchstanding+schedule%E2%80%94combined+with+effective+circadian+entrainment+techniques+using+carefully-timed+exposure+to+light%E2%80%94would+allow+crewmembers+to+work+at+the+peak+of+their+daily+performance+cycle+and+acquire+more+restorative+sleep.+In+the+submarine+environment%2C+where+access+to+natural+light+is+absent%2C+electric+lighting+can+play+an+important+role+in+actively+entraining%E2%80%94and+closely+maintaining%E2%80%94circadian+regulation.+Another+area+that+is+likely+to+have+particular+importance+in+the+submarine+environment+is+the+potential+effect+of+light+to+help+restore+or+maintain+alertness.&rft.publisher=Naval+Undersea+Warfare+Center&rft.date=2006&rft.type=Conference+Paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F6574%2F1%2F059-uhsis06.pdf&rft.identifier=++Crepeau%2C+L.+J.+and+Bullough%2C+J.+D.+and+Figueiro%2C+M.+G.+and+Porter%2C+S.+and+Rea%2C+M.+S.++(2006)+Lighting+as+a+Circadian+Rhythm-Entraining+and+Alertness-Enhancing+Stimulus+in+the+Submarine+Environment.++%5BConference+Paper%5D++++(Unpublished)++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F6574%2F