%A P. Thagard %T Medical analogies: Why and How? %X This paper describes the purposes served by medical analogies (why they are used) and the different cognitive processes that support those purposes (how they are used). Historical and contemporary examples illustrate the theoretical, experimental, diagnostic, therapeutic, technological, and educational value of medical analogies. Four models of analogical transfer illuminate how analogies are used in these cases. %D 1997 %I Mahway: Erlbaum %L cogprints675 %E P. Langley %E M. Shafto