?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Uner+Tan+Syndrome%3A+History%2C+Clinical+Evaluations%2C+Genetics%2C+and+the%0D%0ADynamics+of+Human+Quadrupedalism&rft.creator=Tan%2C+Prof.+Dr.++Uner&rft.subject=Behavioral+Neuroscience&rft.subject=Brain+Imaging&rft.subject=Neurogenetics&rft.subject=Neurology&rft.subject=Neurophysiology&rft.subject=Neuropsychology&rft.subject=Neuropsychiatry&rft.description=Abstract%3A+This+review+includes+for+the+first+time+a+dynamical+systems+analysis+of+human+quadrupedalism+in+Uner+Tan+syndrome%2C+which+is+characterized+by+habitual+quadrupedalism%2C+impaired+intelligence%2C+and+rudimentary+speech.+The+first+family+was+discovered+in+a+small+village+near+Iskenderun%2C+and+families+were+later+found+in+Adana+and+two+other+small+villages+near+Gaziantep+and+Canakkale.+In+all+the+affected+individuals+dynamic+balance+was+impaired+during+upright+walking%2Cand+they+habitually+preferred+walking+on+all+four+extremities.+MRI+scans+showed+inferior+cerebellovermian+hypoplasia+with+slightly+simplified+cerebral+gyri+in+three+of+the+families%2C+but+appeared+normal+in+the+fourth.+PET+scans+showed+a+decreased+glucose+metabolic+activity+in+the+cerebellum%2C+vermis+and%2C+to+a+lesser+extent+the+cerebral+cortex%2C+except+for+one+patient%2C%0D%0Awhose+MRI+scan+also+appeared+to+be+normal.+All+four+families+had+consanguineous+marriages+in+their+pedigrees%2C%0D%0Asuggesting+autosomal+recessive+transmission.+The+syndrome+was+genetically+heterogeneous.+Since+the+initial+discoveries%0D%0Amore+cases+have+been+found%2C+and+these+exhibit+facultative+quadrupedal+locomotion%2C+and+in+one+case%2C+late+childhood+onset.+It+has+been+suggested+that+the+human+quadrupedalism+may%2C+at+least%2C+be+a+phenotypic+example+of+reverse+evolution.+From+the+viewpoint+of+dynamic+systems+theory%2C+it+was+concluded+there+may+not+be+a+single+factor+that+predetermines+human+quadrupedalism+in+Uner+Tan+syndrome%2C+but+that+it+may+involve+self-organization%2C+brain+plasticity%2C+and+rewiring%2C+from+the+many+decentralized+and+local+interactions+among+neuronal%2C+genetic%2C+and+environmental+subsystems.&rft.publisher=Bentham+&rft.contributor=Tan+%2C+Prof.+Dr.+Uner&rft.date=2010&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F6939%2F1%2FUNER_TAN_SYNDROME_REVIEW.pdf&rft.identifier=++Tan%2C+Prof.+Dr.+Uner++(2010)+Uner+Tan+Syndrome%3A+History%2C+Clinical+Evaluations%2C+Genetics%2C+and+the+Dynamics+of+Human+Quadrupedalism.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F6939%2F