---
abstract: 'For a cohort of military officers, graduates of the class of 1950 of the United States Military Academy at West Point, dominant facial appearance was a cosnistent and important predictor of rank attainment at the academy and - for those who graduated from staff college - for high final rank. For men performing below the average, however, dominant facial appearance was a handicap for promotion. High rank came with high fitness. Thus, facial dominance can be an evolutionarily stable honest signal of dominant behavior, a crucial dimension of the potential for high stastus in a male dominance hierarchy. These findings may apply also to civilian populations.'
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  - family: Mueller
    given: U.
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
  - family: Mazur
    given: A.
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
date: 1998
date_type: published
datestamp: 1998-06-22
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dir: disk0/00/00/06/96
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eprintid: 696
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keywords: 'facial dominance, homo sapiens, honest signaling, rank, reproductive success, status'
lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:12
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rev_number: 8
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status_changed: 2007-09-12 16:33:03
subjects:
  - soc-psy
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title: Facial Dominance in Homo Sapiens as Honest Signaling of Male Quality
type: preprint
userid: 121
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