?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Autism%2C+Early+Narcissistic+Injury%2C+and+Self+Organization%3A+a+Role+for+the+Image+of+the+Mother's+Eyes%3F&rft.creator=McDowell%2C+Dr+Maxson&rft.subject=Behavioral+Neuroscience&rft.subject=Evolution&rft.subject=Theoretical+Biology&rft.subject=Clinical+Psychology&rft.subject=Developmental+Psychology&rft.subject=Evolutionary+Psychology&rft.subject=Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.description=Holland+has+elucidated+the+new+paradigm+of+self-organization+in+complex+adaptive+systems.+This+paradigm+holds+for+all+living+systems%2C+including+the+personality.+In+conjunction+with+the+theory+of+archetypes%2C+self-organization+suggests+two+radical+hypotheses%2C+one+about+early+development%2C+the+other+about+the+origins+of+autism.+Autism+is+associated+with+several+medical+conditions%2C+with+genetic+markers%2C+and+with+infant+visual+deprivation.+None+of+these+factors%2C+however%2C+is+either+necessary+or+sufficient+to+cause+autism.+It+is+proposed+that+each+of+these+factors+increases+the+probability+of+a+primary+psychological+deficit%3A+failure+in+the+first+few+weeks+to+acquire+(or+retain)+the+image+of+the+mother%E2%80%99s+eyes.+These+hypotheses+were+derived+from+analytic+work+with+patients+who+have+early+narcissistic+injury+and+with+patients+who+have+mild+autistic+traits.+Both+diagnoses+may+arise+from+the+same+initial+disturbance%3A+Symington+and+others+have+argued+that+autism+is+an+extreme+form+of+infantile+narcissism.+Indirect+evidence+for+the+image-of-the-eyes+hypotheses+comes+from+the+evolution+of+primates%2C+from+infant-mother+observations%2C+from+observations+of+infant+vision%2C+and+from+experiments+on+vision+in+other+vertebrates.+Byrd+recently+confirmed+that+the+incidence+of+autism+is+increasing+dramatically.+The+image-of-the-eyes+hypotheses+suggest+that+this+increase+may+be+due+to+the+increased+use%2C+in+early+infancy%2C+of+non-maternal+childcare+including+television+and+video.+The+search+for+environmental+triggers+for+autism+must+be+interdisciplinary.+This+paper+makes+a+timely+contribution+to+that+search.+&rft.publisher=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.contributor=Cambray%2C+Joseph+&rft.contributor=Knox%2C+Jean+&rft.date=2004&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F7243%2F1%2Feye22.html&rft.identifier=++McDowell%2C+Dr+Maxson++(2004)+Autism%2C+Early+Narcissistic+Injury%2C+and+Self+Organization%3A+a+Role+for+the+Image+of+the+Mother's+Eyes%3F++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F7243%2F