?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Dopaminergic%2C+glutamatergic+but+not+opioidergic+mechanisms+mediate+induction+of+FOS-like+protein+by+cocaethylene&rft.creator=Horowitz%2C+Dr.+J.M.&rft.creator=DiPirro%2C+Dr.+J.M.&rft.creator=Kristal%2C+Dr.+M.B.&rft.creator=Torres%2C+Dr.+G.&rft.subject=Behavioral+Neuroscience&rft.subject=Neurochemistry&rft.subject=Neuropharmacology&rft.description=Cocaethylene+is+a+psychoactive+metabolite+formed%0D%0Aduring+the+combined+consumption+of+cocaine+and+ethanol.+As%0D%0Athis+metabolite+has+many+properties+in+common+with+cocaine%2C+it+is+conceivable+that+cocaethylene+administration+may+induce+the+activity+of+nuclear+transcription+factors+that+regulate+the+expression+of+late-response+genes.+Therefore%2C+the+temporal+induction+of+FOS-like+protein+in+rat+brain+was+examined+following+IP+administration+of+60+mmol%2Fkg+cocaethylene.+Immunoreactivity+for+the+protein+was+detectable+at+1+h+in+striatal+neurons+and+had+virtually+disappeared+6+h+after+drug+treatment.+Administration+of%0D%0Aspecific+dopaminergic+(SCH-23390%3B+0.5+mg%2Fkg)+and+glutamatergic+(MK-801%3B+1+mg%2Fkg)+receptor+antagonists+prior+to+cocaethylene+indicated+a+significant+role+for+dopamine+(D1)+and+Nmethyl-D-aspartate+receptor+subtypes+in+mediating+the+nuclear+induction+of+the+aforementioned+transcription+factor+protein.+In+contrast%2C+no+significant+effects+on+FOS-like+protein+in+discrete+neurons+of+the+caudate+putamen+were+found+when+spiradoline+(U-62066)%2C+a+kappa+opioid-receptor+agonist%2C+was+administered+either+IP+(10+mg%2Fkg)+or+directly+(50+nmol)+into+the+brain+parenchyma.+In+addition%2C+we+uncovered+a+differential+sensitivity+of+Long%E2%80%93Evans+rats+to+the+behavioral+effects+of+cocaethylene%2C+with+the+psychoactive+metabolite+producing+significantly+less+behavioral+activity+(e.g.%2C+locomotion%2C+rearing%2C+and+continuous+sniffing)than+that+produced+by+cocaine+(molar+equivalent+of+60+mmol%2Fkg+cocaethylene).+These+findings+indicate+both+common+and+disparate+effects+of+cocaethylene+and+its+parent+compound%2C+cocaine%2C+on+receptor+pathways+that+regulate+target+alterations+in+gene+expression+and+drug-induced+motor+behavior.&rft.publisher=Elsevier&rft.date=1997&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F8952%2F1%2FBrain%2520Res%2520Bull.pdf&rft.identifier=++Horowitz%2C+Dr.+J.M.+and+DiPirro%2C+Dr.+J.M.+and+Kristal%2C+Dr.+M.B.+and+Torres%2C+Dr.+G.++(1997)+Dopaminergic%2C+glutamatergic+but+not+opioidergic+mechanisms+mediate+induction+of+FOS-like+protein+by+cocaethylene.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F8952%2F