creators_name: Baars, Bernard creators_name: McGovern, Katharine editors_name: Max, Velmans type: bookchapter datestamp: 2000-08-28 lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:23 metadata_visibility: show title: Cognitive views of consciousness:What are the facts? How can we explain them? ispublished: pub subjects: cog-psy full_text_status: public keywords: consciousness, cognitive psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, attention, awareness abstract: At this instant you, the reader, are conscious of some aspects of the act of reading --- the color and texture of THIS PAGE, and perhaps the inner sound of THESE WORDS. But you are probably not aware of the touch of your chair at this instant; nor of a certain background taste in your mouth, nor that monotonous background noise, the soft sound of music, or the complex syntactic processes needed to understand THIS PHRASE; nor are you now aware of your feelings about a friend, the fleeting events of several seconds ago, or the multiple meanings of ambiguous words, as in THIS CASE. Even though you are not currently conscious of them, there is good of evidence that such unconscious events are actively processed in your brain, every moment you are awake. When we try to understand conscious experience we aim to explain the differences between these two conditions: between the events in your nervous system that you can report, act upon, distinguish, and acknowledge as your own, and a great multitude of sophisticated and intelligent processes which are unconscious, and do not allow these operations. date: 1996 date_type: published publication: The Science of Consciousness: Psychological, Neuropsychological, and Clinical Views. publisher: Routledge refereed: TRUE referencetext: Baars, B. J. (1983). Conscious contents provide the nervous system with coherent, global information. In R. Davidson, G. Schwartz, &;D. Shapiro (Eds.), CONSCIOUSNESS AND SELF-REGULATION (pp. 45-76). New York: Plenum Press. Baars, B. J. (1988). A COGNITIVE THEORY OF CONSCIOUSNESS. New York: Cambridge University Press. Baars, B.J. &;McGovern, K.(in press) CONSCIOUSNESS & COGNITION. Bowers, Rehger, Balthazard and Parker (1992) Intuition. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY. 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A process-dissociation framework for investigating unconscious influences: Freudian slips, projective tests, subliminal perception, and signal detection theory. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 1(6), 174-179. James, W. (1890/1983). THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1988). A computational analysis of consciousness. In A. Marcel &;E. Bisiach (Eds.), CONSCIOUSNESS AND CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE (pp. 357-368). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kihlstrom, J. F. (1993). The psychological unconscious and the self. In G. R. Bock &;J. Marsh (Ed.), CIBA SYMPOSIUM ON EXPERIMENTAL ANDTHEORETICAL STUDIES OF CONSCIOUSNESS, (pp. 147-156). London: Wiley Interscience. Kinsbourne, M. (1993). Integrated field model of conscousness. In G. R. a. M. J. Brock (Eds.), CIBA SYMPOSIUM ON EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES OF CONSCIOUSNESS (pp. 51-60). London: Wiley Interscience. LaBerge, D. (1980). Unitization and automaticity in perception. In J. H. Flowers (Eds.), NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION (pp. 53- 71). Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press. Lindsay, P. H., and Norman, D.A. (1977). HUMAN INFORMATION PROCESSING: AN INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY, SECOND EDITION. New York: Academic Press. Mandler, G. (1984). MIND AND BODY: PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTION AND STRESS. New York: Norton. Mangan, B. (1993). Taking phenomenology seriously: The "fringe" and its implications for cognitive research. CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION, 2(2), 89-108. Marcel, A. J. (1983). Conscious and unconscious perception: An approach to the relations between phenomenal experience and perceptual processes. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY. Milner, A. D., &;Rugg, M. D. (Ed.). (1992). THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGYOF CONSCIOUSNESS. London: Academic Press. Neisser, U. (1967). COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY. New York: Appleton- Century-Crofts. Newman, J., &;Baars, B. J. (1993). A neural attentional model for access to consciousness: A Global Workspace perspective. CONCEPTS IN NEUROSCIENCE, 2(3). Norman, D. A., &;Shallice, T. (1980). ATTENTION TO ACTION: WILLED AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF BEHAVIOUR (CHIP Report No. 99). University of California, San Diego. Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J.E., and the PDP Research Group (1986). PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING: EXPLORATIONS IN THE MICCROSTRUCTURE OF COGNITION, VOL. 1: FOUNDATIONS. Cambridge MA: Bradford/MIT Press. Schacter, D. L. (1990). Toward a cognitive neuropsychology of awareness: Implicit knowledge and anosognosia. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 12(1), 155-178. Shallice, T. (1978). The dominant action system: An information processing approach to consciousness. In K. S. Pope & J. L. Singer (Eds.), THE STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS: SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE FLOW OF EXPERIENCE. NY: Plenum. Shallice, T. (1988). Information-processing models of consciousness: Possibilities and problems. In A. J. Marcel &;E. Bisiach (Eds.), CONSCIOUSNESS IN CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE (pp. 305-333). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Singer, J. L. (1988). Sampling ongoing consciousness and emotional experience: Implications for health. In M. J. Horowitz (Eds.), PSYCHODYNAMICS AND COGNITION (pp. 297-346). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Recommended Readings Baars, B. J. (1988). A COGNITIVE THEORY OF CONSCIOUSNESS. New York: Cambridge University Press. Crick, F. (1994). THE ASTONISHING HYPOTHESIS: THE SCIENTIFIC SEARCH FOR THE SOUL. New York, Little, Brown. Flanagan, O. (199x) CONSCIOUSNESS RECONSIDERED. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. James, W. (1893). PSYCHOLOGY: BRIEFER VERSION. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. citation: Baars, Bernard and McGovern, Katharine (1996) Cognitive views of consciousness:What are the facts? How can we explain them? [Book Chapter] document_url: http://cogprints.org/944/1/BKintro.htm