Cogprints: No conditions. Results ordered -Date, Title. 2018-01-17T14:24:29ZEPrintshttp://cogprints.org/images/sitelogo.gifhttp://cogprints.org/2013-09-17T14:30:27Z2013-09-17T14:30:27Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/9091This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/90912013-09-17T14:30:27ZDynamics of the Corruption Eradication in IndonesiaThe paper discusses an important aspect of the complexity of corruption eradication in Indonesia. Corruption eradication is practically not merely about law enforcement, but also related to social, economic, and political aspects of the nation. By extracting the data from national news media and implement models describing the sentiment relations among political actors, the connection between balance of the sentiment among political elites and the critical levels of the investigation and law enforcement is apparently demonstrated. The focus group discussions among experts, practitioners, and social activists confirm the model. Hokky Situngkirhs@compsoc.bandungfe.netArdian Maulanaai@compsoc.bandungfe.net2013-09-17T14:30:08Z2013-09-17T14:30:08Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/9033This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/90332013-09-17T14:30:08ZDoes it Matter Which Citation Tool is Used to Compare the h-index of a Group of Highly Cited Researchers?h-index retrieved by citation indexes (Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science) is used to measure the scientific performance and the research impact studies based on the number of publications and citations of a scientist. It also is easily available and may be used for performance measures of scientists, and for recruitment decisions. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference between the outputs and results from these three citation databases namely Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science based upon the h-index of a group of highly cited researchers (Nobel Prize winner scientist). The purposive sampling method was adopted to collect the required data. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the h-index between three citation indexes of Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science; the Google scholar h-index was more than the h-index in two other databases. It was also concluded that there is a significant positive relationship between h-indices based on Google scholar and Scopus. The citation indexes of Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science may be useful for evaluating h-index of scientists but they have some limitations as well.Hadi FarhadiHadi SalehiMelor Md YunusArezoo Aghaei ChadeganiMaryam FarhadiMasood FooladiNader Ale Ebrahim2012-11-09T19:41:42Z2012-11-09T19:41:42Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/8279This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/82792012-11-09T19:41:42ZOn Social and Economic Spheres: An Observation of the “gantangan” Indonesian tradition
Indonesian traditional villagers have a tradition for the sake of their own social and economic security named “nyumbang”. There are wide variations of the traditions across the archipelago, and we revisit an observation to one in Subang, West Java, Indonesia. The paper discusses and employs the evolutionary game theoretic insights to see the process of “gantangan”, of the intertwining social cohesion and economic expectation of the participation within the traditional activities. The current development of the “gantangan” tradition is approached and generalized to propose a view between the economic and social sphere surrounding modern people. The interaction between social and economic sphere might be seen as a kind of Lokta-Volterra’s predator-prey-like interaction, where both are conflicting yet in a great necessity one another for the sustainability of the social life. While some explanations due to the current development of “gantangan” is drawn, some aspects related to traditional views complying the modern life with social and economic expectations is outlined. Hokky SitungkirYanu Endar Prasetyo2011-12-16T00:08:33Z2011-12-16T00:08:33Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7748This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/77482011-12-16T00:08:33ZToward molecular neuroeconomics of obesity.Because obesity is a risk factor for many serious illnesses such as diabetes, better
understandings of obesity and eating disorders have been attracting attention in
neurobiology, psychiatry, and neuroeconomics. This paper presents future study
directions by unifying (i) economic theory of addiction and obesity (Becker and Murphy,
1988; Levy 2002; Dragone 2009), and (ii) recent empirical findings in neuroeconomics
and neurobiology of obesity and addiction. It is suggested that neurobiological
substrates such as adiponectin, dopamine (D2 receptors), endocannabinoids, ghrelin,
leptin, nesfatin-1, norepinephrine, orexin, oxytocin, serotonin, vasopressin, CCK,
GLP-1, MCH, PYY, and stress hormones (e.g., CRF) in the brain (e.g., OFC, VTA,
NAcc, and the hypothalamus) may determine parameters in the economic theory of
obesity. Also, the importance of introducing time-inconsistent and
gain/loss-asymmetrical temporal discounting (intertemporal choice) models based on
Tsallis’ statistics and incorporating time-perception parameters into the neuroeconomic
theory is emphasized. Future directions in the application of the theory to studies in
neuroeconomics and neuropsychiatry of obesity at the molecular level, which may help
medical/psychopharmacological treatments of obesity (e.g., with sibutramine), are
discussed.Taiki Takahashitaikitakahashi@gmail.com2010-08-06T11:18:44Z2011-03-11T08:57:39Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6904This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/69042010-08-06T11:18:44ZEvolution of Consumers’ Preferences due to InnovationThe integration process between evolutionary approach and conventional economic analysis is very essential for the next development of economic studies, especially in the fundamental concepts of modern economics: supply and demand analysis. In this presentation, we use the concept of meme to explore evolution of demand. This study offers an evolutionary model of demand, which views utility as a function of the distance between the two types of sequences of memes (memeplex), which represent economic product and consumer preference. It is very different from the conventional approach of demand, which only views utility as a function of quantity. This modification provides an opportunity to see innovation and transformation of consumer preferences in the demand perspective. Innovation is seen as a change in sequence of memes in economic products, while the transformation of consumer behavior is defined as a change in the aligning memes of consumer preference. Demand quantity is the result of the selection process. This model produces some interesting characteristics, such as: (i) quantitative and qualitative properties of evolution of demand, (ii) relationship between consumer behavior and properties of evolution of demand that occurred and (iii) power law on the distribution of product lifetime. At the end we show the improvement of utility function, in the concept of meme, might create a new landscape for the further development of economics.Rolan Mauludyrmd@compsoc.bandungfe.netHokky Situngkirhs@compsoc.bandungfe.net2008-12-17T22:13:15Z2011-03-11T08:57:17Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6297This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/62972008-12-17T22:13:15ZThe Global and Local in Phillips Curve
The debate over the Phillips Curve - as the relation between level of unemployment rate and inflation rate - in historical economics is shortly reviewed. By using the analysis in the Extreme Value Theory, i.e.: the rank order statistics the unemployment and inflation data over countries from various regions are observed. The calculations brought us to conjecture that there exists the general pattern that could lead from the relation between unemployment and inflation rate. However, the difference patterns as observed in the Phillips Curve might could be reflected from the range of values of the local variables of the incorporated model.
Hokky Situngkir2008-11-02T10:00:01Z2011-03-11T08:57:13Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6251This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/62512008-11-02T10:00:01ZIntellectual property, copyright, and fair use in educationAs with other rights, such as liberty and organization, intellectual property (IP) rights are often overlooked or disregarded simply because they are intangible. Yet, IP rights are essential to the workings of our society, and upholding them means greater freedom to invent, create, and advance.Shaheen E Lakhanslakhan@gnif.orgMeenakshi K Khuranamkhurana@gnif.org2007-08-03Z2011-03-11T08:56:56Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5640This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/56402007-08-03ZThe State of Intellectual Property Education WorldwideThe importance of intellectual property (IP) in today's world cannot be overstated and, indeed, it is receiving a great deal of attention worldwide. To advance the cause of the rights and wrongs of the laws that promote and protect intellectual property at the national and international levels, education in intellectual property is required and must be advocated. We must make individuals, industries, and governments aware of the concept of intellectual property, and only then can they take positions on the issue in order to effect change. This paper explains the concept of intellectual property rights and provides a detailed overview of the state of IP education worldwide. The discussion divides the globe on the basis of economic distinctions between nations and studies the question in the context of their developmental levels: developed, developing, or underdeveloped.Shaheen E Lakhan4046Meenakshi K Khurana2007-03-08Z2011-03-11T08:56:48Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5448This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/54482007-03-08ZClarifying Open Access: its implications for the research community (Letter)A critique of the CERN proposal to convert particle physics journals from the user-institution-pays subscription model to an author-institution-pays model for the sake of Open Access (OA). OA can be achieved via author-institution self-archiving ("Green OA"); it does not require converting journals to OA publishing ("Gold OA"), which is likely to cost some researchers more at this time.John Harnad2006-12-03Z2011-03-11T08:56:42Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5263This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/52632006-12-03ZAdvertising in Duopoly MarketThe paper presents the dynamics of consumer preferences over two competing products acting in duopoly market. The model presented compared the majority and minority rules as well as the modified Snazjd model in the Von Neumann neighborhood. We showed how important advertising in marketing a product is. We show that advertising should also consider the social structure simultaneously with the content of the advertisement and the understanding to the advertised product. Some theoretical explorations are discussed regarding to size of the market, evaluation of effect of the advertising, the types of the advertised products, and the social structure of which the product is marketed. We also draw some illustrative models to be mproved as a further work.Hokky Situngkir2006-12-03Z2011-03-11T08:56:42Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5264This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/52642006-12-03ZWhat can we do with the Research Institute for Social Complexity Sciences in Indonesia?The article discussed about the research opportunities in social complexity studies, especially in Indonesia. This issue is connected to the establishment a social research institute in Indonesia, how to establish and maintain it regarding the interdisciplinary research field. However a lot of localities are taken into the consideration to maintain the social complexity research institute, there would always things that can be learnt by any other similar research institute. Hokky Situngkir2005-05-02Z2011-03-11T08:56:03Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4337This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/43372005-05-02ZWhat can we see from Investment Simulation based on Generalized (m,2)-Zipf law?The paper revisits the investment simulation based on strategies exhibited by Generalized (m,2)-Zipf law to present an interesting characterization of the wildness in financial time series. The investigations of dominant strategies on each specific time series shows that longer words dominant in larger time scale exhibit shorter dominant ones in smaller time scale and vice versa. Moreover, denoting the term wildness based on persistence over short term trend and memory represented by particular length of words, we can see how wild historical fluctuations over time series data coped with the Zipf strategies.Mr Hokky SitungkirDr Yohanes Surya2004-09-03Z2011-03-11T08:55:41Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3795This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/37952004-09-03ZPower Law Signature in Indonesian PopulationThe paper analyzes the spreading of population in Indonesia. The spreading of population in Indonesia is clustered in two regional terms, i.e.: kabupaten and kotamadya. It is interestingly found that the rank in all kabupaten respect to the population does not have fat tail properties, while in the other hand; there exists power-law signature in kotamadya. We analyzed that this fact could be caused by the equal or similar infrastructural development in all regions; nevertheless, we also note that the first 20 kabupatens are dominated in Java and Sumatera. Furthermore, the fat tail character in the rank of kotamadya could be caused by the big gap between big cities one another, e.g.: Jakarta, Surabaya, and others. The paper ends with some suggestions of more attention to infrastructural development in eastern regional cities. Mr Ivan MuliantaMr Hokky SitungkirProf Yohanes Surya2004-06-28Z2011-03-11T08:55:37Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3696This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/36962004-06-28ZDemocracy: Order out of ChaosWe construct a majority cellular automata based model to explain the power-law signatures in Indonesian general election results. The understanding of second-order phase transitions between two different conditions inspires the model. The democracy is assumed as critical point between the two extreme socio-political situations of totalitarian and anarchistic social system - where democracy can fall into the twos. The model is in multi-party candidates system run for equilibrium or equilibria, and used to fit and analyze the three of democratic national elections in Indonesia, 1955, 1999, and 2004. Hokky SitungkirYohanes Surya2004-05-24Z2011-03-11T08:55:36Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3641This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/36412004-05-24ZSocial Balance Theory: Revisiting Heider’s Balance Theory for many agents
We construct a model based on Heider’s social balance theory to analyze the interpersonal network among social agents. The model of social balance theory provides us an interesting tool to see how a social group evolves to the possible balance state. We introduce the balance index that can be used to measure social balance in macro structure level (global balance index) or in micro structure (local balance index) to see how the local balance index influences the global balance structure. Several experiments are done and we discover how the social group can form separation of subgroups in a group or strengthening a social group while emphasizing the structure theorem and social mitosis previously introduced. Mr Hokky SitungkirMr Deni Khanafiah2004-03-18Z2011-03-11T08:55:30Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3507This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/35072004-03-18ZOn Massive Conflict: Macro-Micro LinkMicro and macro properties of social system should be taken as relative poles of a two dimensional continuum since every debate on social system will however shift to the discussion on the two levels of description. This is consistently used as perspective to see massive social conflict. We propose analysis of the emerging conflict on its micro-causations by using computer simulations. We construct a dynamical model based on some propositions on massive conflict based upon the individual’s degree of membership to collective identity she has whether to mobilize or not. The simulations result the possibilities to see the linkage of the macro-micro properties in the case of massive conflict and suggestions on how to cope with massive conflict or even to resolve it. The paper is an endeavor to a more comprehensive methodology on how to cope with conflict on research and theory development.Hokky Situngkir2004-05-06Z2011-03-11T08:55:30Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3519This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/35192004-05-06ZEMERGING THE EMERGENCE SOCIOLOGY: The Philosophical Framework of Agent-Based Social StudiesThe structuration theory originally provided by Anthony Giddens and the advance improvement of the theory has been trying to solve the dilemma came up in the epistemological aspects of the social sciences and humanity. Social scientists apparently have to choose whether they are too sociological or too psychological. Nonetheless, in the works of the classical sociologist, Emile Durkheim, this thing has been stated long time ago. The usage of some models to construct the bottom-up theories has followed the vast of computational technology. This model is well known as the agent based modeling. This paper is giving a philosophical perspective of the agent-based social sciences, as the sociology to cope the emergent factors coming up in the sociological analysis. The framework is made by using the artificial neural network model to show how the emergent phenomena came from the complex system. Understanding the society has self-organizing (autopoietic) properties, the Kohonen’s self-organizing map is used in the paper. By the simulation examples, it can be seen obviously that the emergent phenomena in social system are seen by the sociologist apart from the qualitative framework on the atomistic sociology. In the end of the paper, it is clear that the emergence sociology is needed for sharpening the sociological analysis in the emergence sociology.Hokky Situngkir2003-04-26Z2011-03-11T08:55:16Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/2908This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/29082003-04-26ZStalking the Wild E-print: A Scout's Impressions of Publicatia IncognitaAn address to the National Communications Association about my experience with various forms of electronic scholarly prublishing. Four "discoveries" are discussed: (1) Make sure you set aside have enough time and personnel to adequately maintain whatever sites you decide to put up. Make sure you take this into account when deciding what extra features to add to your site; (2)Be prepared for the possibility of there being orders of magnitude more use of your site than you expected. It is not only your members, but many times as many students, as well people from outside the discipline, and their students, who may be interested in what you have to offer; (3) You must make a systematic and sustained effort to convince your colleagues to "buy in" to electronic publication; and (4) Don't slavishly replicate the formats with which you are already familiar in a new medium that has infinitely greater possibilities. Christopher D. Green2004-01-03Z2011-03-11T08:54:43Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1639This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16392004-01-03ZFor Whom the Gate Tolls? How and Why to Free the Refereed Research Literature Online Through Author/Institution Self-Archiving, Now.ABSTRACT: All refereed journals will soon be available online; most of them already are. This means that
anyone will be able to access them from any networked desk-top. The literature will all be interconnected by
citation, author, and keyword/subject links, allowing for unheard-of power and ease of access and
navigability. Successive drafts of pre-refereeing preprints will be linked to the official refereed draft, as well
as to any subsequent corrections, revisions, updates, comments, responses, and underlying empirical
databases, all enhancing the self-correctiveness, interactivity and productivity of scholarly and scientific
research and communication in remarkable new ways. New scientometric indicators of digital impact are also
emerging <http://opcit.eprints.org> to chart the online course of knowledge. But there is still one last frontier
to cross before science reaches the optimal and the inevitable: Just as there is no longer any need for research
or researchers to be constrained by the access-blocking restrictions of paper distribution, there is no longer
any need to be constrained by the impact-blocking financial fire-walls of
Subscription/Site-License/Pay-Per-View (S/L/P) tolls for this give-away literature. Its author/researchers
have always donated their research reports for free (and its referee/researchers have refereed for free), with
the sole goal of maximizing their impact on subsequent research (by accessing the eyes and minds of
fellow-researchers, present and future) and hence on society. Generic (OAi-compliant) software is now
available free so that institutions can immediately create Eprint Archives in which their authors can
self-archive all their refereed papers for free for all forever <http://www.eprints.org/>. These interoperable
Open Archives <http://www.openarchives.org> will then be harvested into global, jointly searchable "virtual
archives" (e.g., <http://arc.cs.odu.edu/>). "Scholarly Skywriting" in this PostGutenberg Galaxy will be
dramatically (and measurably) more interactive and productive, spawning its own new digital metrics of
productivity and impact, allowing for an online "embryology of knowledge."Stevan Harnad2002-10-18Z2011-03-11T08:55:04Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/2543This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/25432002-10-18ZLa ciélolexie et ciélographie scientifique: Une anomalie post-gutenbergienne et comment la résoudreUne ligne de partage, profonde et essentielle, va se creuser dans la galaxie post-gutenbergienne entre les oeuvres en accès payant (livres, magazines, logiciels, musique) et les oeuvres en accès libre (dont l´exemple le plus représentatif est celui des articles scientifiques soumis à l´évaluation des pairs). Ignorer cette distinction provoque la confusion et retarde l´inéluctable transition, s´agissant des travaux en accès libre, vers ce qui constitue la meilleure solution pour les chercheurs : que les quelques deux millions d´articles scientifiques publiés chaque année à travers le monde, toutes disciplines et langues confondues, dans les quelques vingt mille revues à comités de lecture existantes, soient libérés en ligne par l´auto-archivage des auteurs et des institutions : http://www.eprints.org. Ce texte tente de montrer comment les questions de copyright, de l´évaluation par les pairs entre autres thèmes controversés peuvent être éclaircies à condition de bien faire la distinction entre accès libre et accès payant.Stevan Harnad2002-10-18Z2011-03-11T08:55:04Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/2542This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/25422002-10-18ZLecture et écriture scientifique “dans le ciel” : Une anomalie post - gutenbergienne et comment la résoudreUne ligne de partage, profonde et essentielle, va se creuser dans la galaxie post-gutenbergienne entre les oeuvres en accès payant (livres, magazines, logiciels, musique) et les oeuvres en accès libre (dont l´exemple le plus représentatif est celui des articles scientifiques soumis à l´évaluation des pairs). Ignorer cette distinction provoque la confusion et retarde l´inéluctable transition, s´agissant des travaux en accès libre, vers ce qui constitue la meilleure solution pour les chercheurs : que les quelques deux millions d´articles scientifiques publiés chaque année à travers le monde, toutes disciplines et langues confondues, dans les quelques vingt mille revues à comités de lecture existantes, soient libérés en ligne par l´auto-archivage des auteurs et des institutions : http://www.eprints.org. Ce texte tente de montrer comment les questions de copyright, de l´évaluation par les pairs entre autres thèmes controversés peuvent être éclaircies à condition de bien faire la distinction entre accès libre et accès payant.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1703This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/17032001-07-18ZIngelfinger Over-Ruled: The Role of the Web in the Future of Refereed Medical Journal PublishingUnder the editorship of Franz Ingelfinger, the New England Journal of Medicine adopted a policy of declining to referee or
publish research that had been previously published or publicised elsewhere. Other biomedical journals, as well as
broad-spectrum journals such as Science, have since adopted this "Ingelfinger rule". The four rationales underlying this rule, formulated in the Gutenberg era, are examined here to see which of them are still valid post-Gutenberg.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1700This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/17002001-07-18Z Academic Publishing in the Online Era: What Will Be For-Fee and What Will Be For-Free?The following exchange took place between 10 and 13 July 1999 as a self-contained module of the
American Scientist Forum (a final postscript being added on 23 November, 1999). http://amsci-forum.amsci.org/archives/september98-forum.html
The main participants in the exchange were Stevan Harnad of the University of Southampton and Hal Varian, of the University of California, Berkeley. The exchange focuses on the problematic issue - crucial to Harnad's thesis - of the extent to which academic authors are prepared to give their work away by making it freely available, without charge, on the Net. Although the exchange has been edited slightly to make the discussion easier to follow, it seemed appropriate, given the subject matter, to retain it in its original quote/comment form. Harnad begins by emphasising 11 of his argument's main points, and by providing addresses for the various locations on the Net where the relevant publications can be found. Stevan HarnadHal VarianBob Parks2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1701This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/17012001-07-18ZE-Knowledge: Freeing the Refereed Journal Corpus Online.The author of this paper has been advocating for some time that online public self-archiving of the refereed journal literature be introduced without delay. Indeed he sees it as inevitable in all disciplines within a very short time (and as optimal for research and researchers). He also argues that it can be achieved without compromising the peer reviewed journal literature in any way.
What follows here is a point-by-point critique of two prominent prior published critiques (appearing in Science and the New England Journal of Medicine) of a still earlier proposal along the lines championed here, by the former Director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Harold Varmus. The Varmus proposal was to establish a free archive for the biomedical literature called "E-Biomed" (since renamed "PubMed Central" and currently being implemented along somewhat different lines). The two critiques of the Varmus proposal were by Floyd Bloom, Editor of Science, and by Arnold Relman, Editor of the New England Journal of Medicine. Both critiques are replied to and critiqued in turn in quote/commentary format below.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1697This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16972001-07-18ZIntegrating, Navigating and Analyzing Eprint Archives Through Open Citation Linking (the OpCit Project)The Los Alamos Eprint Archive (LANL) is a public repository for a growing proportion of the current research literature in Physics. The Open Citation-linking Project (OpCit) is making this resource still more powerful and useful for its current physicist users by connecting each paper to each paper it cites; this can be extended to all the rest of the disciplines in other Open Archives designed to be interoperable through compliance with the Santa Fe Convention. A citation-linked online digital corpus also allows powerful new forms of online informetric analysis that go far beyond static citation analysis, measuring researchers' usage of all phases of the literature, from pre-refereeing preprint to post-refereeing postprint, from download to citation, yielding an embryology of learned inquiry.Stevan HarnadLeslie Carr2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1696This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16962001-07-18Z Electronic Journal Forum: Resetting Our Intuition Pumps for the Online-Only Era: A Conversation With Stevan Harnad.Stevan Harnad, Professor of Cognitive Science at the University of Southampton, has been--and continues to be--a visionary regarding digital publication of scholarly journals. In a wide-ranging discussion, we explored how his ideas about an electronic-only model of scholarly publication have evolved in the half-decade since he first elaborated them, including such topics as costs, archiving, preservation, and the role of commercial publishers. Near the end of the exchange, Harnad refers to the need for "demonstrations, evangelism, polemics and subversion" to drive forward the changes he sees as "the optimal and the inevitable for scholars and scholarship;" here, he provides some of all four of these. Since Harnad is the best articulator of his own vision, I will provide his responses as they appeared in the interview, rather than digest them.Ellen DuranceauStevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:44Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1685This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16852001-07-18ZFree at Last: The Future of Peer-Reviewed JournalsI don't think there is any doubt in anyone's mind as to what the optimal and inevitable outcome of all
this will be: The Give-Away literature will be free at last online, in one global, interlinked virtual
library (see <http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/citation.html>), and its QC/C expenses will be
paid for up-front, out of the S/L/P savings. The only question is: When? This piece is written in the
hope of wiping the potential smirk off Posterity's face by persuading the academic cavalry, now that
they have been led to the waters of self-archiving, that they should just go ahead and drink!
Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1698This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16982001-07-18ZThe Future of Scholarly SkywritingSkywriting offers a hybrid possibility, not quite like anything that came before
it: much closer to the live interactive tempo of spontaneous on-line speech
(and hence on-line thought), yet retaining all the virtues of the written medium
(formality, discipline, objectivity, publicity, corrigibility permanence).Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1699This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16992001-07-18ZOn-Line Journals and Financial Fire-WallsThe final state toward which the learned journal literature is evolving in the age
of networked hypermedia is as inevitable as it is optimal: Sooner or later, the
entire corpus will be fully and freely accessible and navigable from the desk of
any thinker in the world. The effects of this on the scope and pace of Learned
Inquiry itself will be revolutionary, comparable only to the impact of three prior
cognitive revolutions: the advent of speech itself, then writing, then print.
Learned Inquiry, always communal and cumulative, will not only be
immeasurably better informed, new findings percolating through minds and
media almost instantaneously, but it will also become incomparably more
interactive, with collaborative, creative, critical, and self-corrective cycles
accelerable, potentially, almost to the speed of thoughtStevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1704This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/17042001-07-18ZAll Or None: No Stable Hybrid or Half-Way Solutions for Launching the Learned Periodical Literature into the PostGutenberg GalaxyThe publishers of learned paper journals have contemplated or already implemented the following hybrid scenario for the transition from paper to electronic publishing: Produce both versions, paper and electronic, and offer paper-plus-electronic subscriptions for slightly more than paper-only, and electronic-only subscriptions for slightly less. This allows supply and demand to decide which version is preferred, and offers a seamless transition to electronic-only if and when its time comes. Variants of this scenario include site-licensing or pay-per-view in place of subscriptions, but without exception all these scenarios continue to regard learned articles as a trade commodity, to be sold to readers and protected from "theft" by copyright laws. This trade model entails and has always entailed, a conflict of interest between the publisher and the nontrade researcher/author. In the Gutenberg era, when print-on-paper was the only option, the conflict was rightly resolved in favour of the publisher, whose real costs and a fair profit could only be recovered by restricting access to those who paid (whereas the author would have preferred that everyone everywhere have access for free). We have dubbed this the "Faustian Bargain" (which is rather like advertisers being forced to make potential clients pay to see their adverts!). The PostGutenberg era of "Scholarly Skywriting" -- networked electronic publication, free for all -- has at last made it possible for nontrade authors (those who ask and receive no royalties, and whose readership is a small population of fellow researchers) to free themselves from the Faustian Bargain. They can archive their unrefereed preprints on the Net and can substitute for them the refereed, published reprint after peer review, editing, and mark-up. This is the gist of our "Subversive Proposal." The only problem is that the cost of implementing peer review, editing and mark-up is still being borne by paper journal publishers, who continue to cling to the trade model, and whose subscription revenues are at risk if the Net becomes the preferred means of access. These costs are medium-independent and low enough to make it more productive to recover them on the authors' end (as page charges, covered by the grant that funded the research itself and/or from authors' institutions' savings on cancelled paper journal subscriptions). Paper publishers will have to scale down to the reduced costs of electronic-only publication or their editorial boards will defect and reconstitute themselves with new electronic-only publishers who are prepared to adopt the nontrade, page-charge model, yielding free access to the learned periodical literature for everyone.Stevan HarnadMatt Hemus2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1695This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16952001-07-18ZHow to Fast-Forward Learned Serials to the Inevitable and the Optimal for Scholars and ScientistsThere is no conflict of interest between a trade author and a trade publisher. The trade author's product is his text, and the trade publisher produces and sells it for him, so they can both make a fair profit. Both wish to protect their product from theft; both wish to restrict access to those have paid for it. Contrast this with the specialised scientific and scholarly research literature: The research has been funded by a governmental research supporting agency or a public institution of higher learning and the results are meant to be made publicly available, especially so that other specialists can read and build further research on it. Through this cycle of research/report/research, all of humanity benefits from the fruits of learned inquiry. But because of the substantial real cost of producing print on paper in the Gutenberg era, research publication had to adopt the same economic model as trade publication: Researchers, who were not writing to sell their words, and would gladly have given them away to reach the eyes of their fellow researchers the world over, in their joint enterprise of broadening human knowledge, were forced instead to make the "Faustian Bargain" of transferring copyright to their publishers, who would then try to recover their substantial expenses plus a fair profit by selling those words as if they had been produced for trade. Research libraries the world over paid the hefty price, purchasing all the important journals so that each individual article could find its own small, scattered readership in perpetuum. This era is now potentially over: The much lower cost and much broader reach of electronic publication can free research from the counterproductive access boundaries imposed by the trade model. Research grants can now easily afford to cover the minimal marginal cost of electronic publication, making the research literature free for all, as it was always meant to be, with the growth of human knowledge no longer needlessly restrained by the Faustian Bargain and humankind the greatest beneficiary.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1694This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16942001-07-18ZLearned Inquiry and the Net: The Role of Peer Review, Peer Commentary and CopyrightPeer Review and Copyright each have a double role: Formal refereeing protects (R1) the author from publishing and (R2) the reader from reading papers that are not of sufficient quality. Copyright protects the author from (C1) theft of text and (C2) theft of authorship. It has been suggested that in the electronic medium we can dispense with peer review, "publish" everything, and let browsing and commentary do the quality control. It has also been suggested that special safeguards and laws may be needed to enforce copyright on the Net. I will argue, based on 20 years of editing Behavioral and Brain Sciences, a refereed (paper) journal of peer commentary, 8 years of editing Psycoloquy, a refereed electronic journal of peer commentary, and 1 year of implementing CogPrints, an electronic archive of unrefereed preprints and refereed reprints in the cognitive sciences modeled on the Los Alamos Physics Eprint Archive, that (i) peer commentary is a supplement, not a substitute, for peer review, (ii) the authors of refereed papers, who get and seek no royalties from the sale of their texts, only want protection from theft of authorship on the Net, not from theft of text, which is a victimless crime, and hence (iii) the trade model (subscription, site license or pay- per-view) should be replaced by author page-charges to cover the much reduced cost of implementing peer review, editing and archiving on the Net, in exchange for making the learned serial corpus available for free for all forever. Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1693This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16932001-07-18ZThe Paper House of Cards (and why it's taking so long to collapse)The remaining cost of serial publication, once expenses are scaled down to the
electronic-only level, is low enough to render the interests of everyone -- the
author, the reader, the funder of the author's research, the university supporting the
author, and, yes, the electronic learned serial publishers -- better served by
recovering those costs and a fair profit at the author's end, in the form of page
charges (paid for by the funders of the author's research and/or the university
employing him to do the research, both co-beneficiaries, with the author, of the
widest possible unimpeded distribution of the research reported), rather than by any
version of reader-end payment, the latter depending as it does, on restricting
access to what the author and his supporters would all prefer to see as free for all.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1692This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16922001-07-18Z Implementing Peer Review on the Net: Scientific Quality Control in Scholarly Electronic Journals.Electronic networks have made it possible for scholarly periodical publishing to shift from a trade model, in which the author sells his words through the mediation of the expensive and inefficient technology of paper, to a collaborative model, in which the much lower real costs and much broader reach of purely electronic publication are subsidized in advance, by universities, libraries, research publication grants, and the scholarly societies in each specialty. To take advantage of this, paper publishing's traditional quality control mechanism, peer review, will have to be implemented on the Net, thereby recreating the hierarchies of journals that allow authors, readers, and promotion committees to calibrate their judgments rationally -- or as rationally as traditional peer review ever allowed them to do it. The Net also offers the possibility of implementing peer review more efficiently and equitably, and of supplementing it with what is the Net's real revolutionary dimension: interactive publication in the form of open peer commentary on published and ongoing work. Most of this "scholarly skywriting" likewise needs to be constrained by peer review, but there is room on the Net for unrefereed discussion too, both in high-level peer discussion forums to which only qualified specialists in a given field have read/write access, and in the general electronic vanity press. Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1691This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16912001-07-18ZElectronic Scholarly Publication: Quo Vadis?A few specific predictions and recommendations concerning the future direction of refereed
periodical publication.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1689This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16892001-07-18ZThe PostGutenberg Galaxy: How to Get There From HereA proposal for freeing the research literature through online public self-archiving.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:44Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1684This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16842001-07-18ZThere's Plenty of Room in Cyberspace: Sorting the Esoterica From The ExotericaSorting out misunderstandings about the nontrade/trade
(give-away/non-give-away) literatureStevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:44Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1688This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16882001-07-18Z Interactive Publication: Extending American Physical Society's Discipline-Specific Model for Electronic Publishing.The American Physical Society's Task Force's Report on Electronic Information Systems (this volume) has sounded all the
right chords: The idea is to develop a world scientific information system that will include all the formal scientific literature
that has been, is being, and will be published, as well as the informal unpublished scientific communications that surround
it, all in an electronic form that is searchable and accessible by any scientist anywhere in the world. Stevan Harnad