{"id":285,"date":"2018-09-05T13:45:41","date_gmt":"2018-09-05T12:45:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/?p=285"},"modified":"2025-01-17T16:03:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T16:03:57","slug":"emf-camp-2018-air-quality-lorawan-workshop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/2018\/09\/05\/emf-camp-2018-air-quality-lorawan-workshop\/","title":{"rendered":"EMF camp 2018 Air Quality LoRaWAN workshop"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>At EMF camp 2018 we ran three workshops in order to improve people&#8217;s understanding of air quality. The workshop details can be found at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emfcamp.org\/line-up\/2018\/180-air-quality-sensor-devices-build-program-and-test\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.emfcamp.org\/line-up\/2018\/180-air-quality-sensor-devices-build-program-and-test<\/a>. Here are the details needed to recreate the workshop. The workshop was designed to be suitable for anyone with no prior experience using a Raspberry Pi, however, the setup steps that we performed in advance of the workshop do require more advanced knowledge.<\/p>\n<h1>Air quality and low-cost sensors<\/h1>\n<p>Some of the slides presented at the beginning of the workshop were infographics taken from the World Health Organization (WHO). They can be found along with other general figures about air quality in the world at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/airpollution\/infographics\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/airpollution\/infographics\/en\/<\/a>. If you want to learn more about air quality and especially about air quality in UK, we suggest you to read the report published by the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health in 2016: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rcplondon.ac.uk\/projects\/outputs\/every-breath-we-take-lifelong-impact-air-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Every breath we take: the lifelong impact of air pollution<\/a>.<br \/>\nThe sensors used during the workshop are low-cost sensors used to monitor fine particles (PM<sub>10<\/sub> and PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>). We strongly encourage you to read the advice from the Department for Environment Food &amp; Rural Affairs (DEFRA) on the use of low-cost sensors for air pollution to have a better understanding of their limitations. The recommendation can be found at <a href=\"https:\/\/uk-air.defra.gov.uk\/library\/aqeg\/pollution-sensors.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/uk-air.defra.gov.uk\/library\/aqeg\/pollution-sensors.php<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>Hardware<\/h1>\n<p>The links below are the suppliers we used to purchase the parts &#8211; other suppliers are available.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Raspberry Pi (3B or 3B+) <a href=\"https:\/\/cpc.farnell.com\/raspberry-pi\/2773729\/raspberry-pi-3-model-b\/dp\/SC14882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cpc.farnell.com\/raspberry-pi\/2773729\/raspberry-pi-3-model-b\/dp\/SC14882<\/a><\/li>\n<li>SD card<\/li>\n<li>Plantower Particulate Matter Sensor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebay.co.uk\/itm\/PMS5003-G5-PlanTower-High-Precision-Laser-Dust-Sensor-Module-PM1-0-PM2-5-PM10\/201903779518\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ebay.co.uk\/itm\/PMS5003-G5-PlanTower-High-Precision-Laser-Dust-Sensor-Module-PM1-0-PM2-5-PM10\/201903779518<\/a><\/li>\n<li>FTDI USB-serial <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hobbytronics.co.uk\/ft232rl-breakout-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.hobbytronics.co.uk\/ft232rl-breakout-2<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Dragino LoRaWAN HAT <a href=\"https:\/\/cpc.farnell.com\/seeed-studio\/113990254\/gps-lora-hat-for-raspberry-pi\/dp\/SC14509?st=lora\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cpc.farnell.com\/seeed-studio\/113990254\/gps-lora-hat-for-raspberry-pi\/dp\/SC14509?st=lora<\/a><\/li>\n<li>PiFace RTC (not used in workshop code but in the kits we provided) <a href=\"https:\/\/cpc.farnell.com\/piface\/shim-rtc\/real-time-clock-for-raspberry\/dp\/SC13528\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cpc.farnell.com\/piface\/shim-rtc\/real-time-clock-for-raspberry\/dp\/SC13528<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Battery for RTC <a href=\"https:\/\/cpc.farnell.com\/gp-batteries\/gpca10\/battery-lithium-3v-cr1220-1pk\/dp\/BT00449\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cpc.farnell.com\/gp-batteries\/gpca10\/battery-lithium-3v-cr1220-1pk\/dp\/BT00449<\/a><\/li>\n<li>USB Power bank <a href=\"https:\/\/cpc.farnell.com\/iconbit\/ftb7800fx\/powerbank-dual-usb-charger-7800mah\/dp\/BT06432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cpc.farnell.com\/iconbit\/ftb7800fx\/powerbank-dual-usb-charger-7800mah\/dp\/BT06432<\/a><\/li>\n<li>2 * USB cable <a href=\"https:\/\/uk.farnell.com\/roline\/11-02-8310\/computer-cable-usb2-0-150mm-black\/dp\/2444222\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/uk.farnell.com\/roline\/11-02-8310\/computer-cable-usb2-0-150mm-black\/dp\/2444222<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Velcro <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rapidonline.com\/velcro-brand-vel-ec60236-stick-on-squares-25mm-x-24-sets-black-54-4297\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.rapidonline.com\/velcro-brand-vel-ec60236-stick-on-squares-25mm-x-24-sets-black-54-4297<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We used heat shrink to attach the USB-serial adapter to the sensor as a single module. The heat shrink is not available in small quantities so a Velcro pad can be used instead to both secure the USB-serial adapter and to prevent accidental shorting of pins. The equipment was mounted on a custom laser cut perspex sheet, however, feel free to create your own mounting solution.<\/p>\n<h1>Software<\/h1>\n<p>We have written a couple of custom libraries to facilitate this workshop (which will be installed in the setup steps). If you want to dig deeper into the code it can be found on github.\u00a0 If you make any improvements to the code please submit a pull request.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Draingo LoRaWAN HAT <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/computenodes\/dragino\">https:\/\/github.com\/computenodes\/dragino<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cayenne LPP <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/FEEprojects\/cayennelpp-python\">https:\/\/github.com\/FEEprojects\/cayennelpp-python<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Plantower interface <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/FEEprojects\/plantower\">https:\/\/github.com\/FEEprojects\/plantower<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Setup<\/h1>\n<p>Having purchased \/ acquired the hardware the following steps have to be carried out to get to the stage where the workshop code can be run. In order for the LoRaWAN part to work you have to be in coverage of The Things Network. For the workshop we deployed 3 gateways on site. Coverage can be checked by using <a href=\"https:\/\/ttnmapper.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TTN Mapper<\/a>. If you are not in coverage you can extend the network by running your own gateway. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsnetwork.org\/docs\/gateways\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.thethingsnetwork.org\/docs\/gateways\/<\/a> for details.<\/p>\n<h2>Hardware setup<\/h2>\n<p>In order to assemble the hardware do the following steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Insert the battery into the RTC module.<\/li>\n<li>Attach the stand offs provided in the dragino LoRaWAN HAT box to the Rapsberry Pi.<\/li>\n<li>Place the RTC module on to the Pi header connections.<\/li>\n<li>Place the dragino LoRaWAN HAT on to the Pi and secure with the screws.<\/li>\n<li>Attach the antenna to the LORA_ANT connection on the dragino HAT.<\/li>\n<li>Solder the PM5003 to the USB-Serial, the important connections are (Pin 5) TX -&gt; RX, (Pin 4)RX -&gt; TX, (Pin 1)VCC -&gt; 5V and\u00a0 (Pin 2)GND -&gt; GND.<\/li>\n<li>Make sure the switch on the USB-Serial is set to 3V3.<\/li>\n<li>Connect the USB-serial to the Raspberry Pi using one of the micro-USB leads<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Our finished nodes looked like<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_298\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-298\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-298 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/node-crop-small-1024x882.jpg\" alt=\"An Air Quality sensor node comprising of a perspex sheet with a battery bank, raspberry pi, lora HAT and particulate matter sensor attached\" width=\"1024\" height=\"882\" srcset=\"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/node-crop-small-1024x882.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/node-crop-small-300x258.jpg 300w, https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/node-crop-small-768x661.jpg 768w, https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/node-crop-small-1140x982.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/node-crop-small.jpg 1900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-298\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An example node as used in the workshop.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Software installation<\/h2>\n<p>Copy the latest Raspbian image on to the SD card, and then connect to the Pi and run the following script.<br \/>\nThe code below will install the required libraries and software to run the workshop. This will take some time.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\necho &quot;dtparam=spi=on&quot; | sudo tee -a \/boot\/config.txt\r\necho &quot;dtoverlay=spi-gpio-cs&quot; | sudo tee -a \/boot\/config.txt\r\necho &quot;dtparam=i2c_arm=on&quot; | sudo tee -a \/boot\/config.txt\r\nsudo raspi-config noint do_serial 2\r\n\r\n#get the spi CS pin overlay\r\nwget https:\/\/github.com\/computenodes\/dragino\/releases\/download\/v0.0.1\/spi-gpio-cs.dtbo\r\nsudo mv spi-gpio-cs.dtbo \/boot\/overlays\/\r\n\r\n#install jupyter\r\nsudo apt update\r\nsudo apt-get install -y python-dev\r\nsudo -H pip install --upgrade pip\r\nsudo -H pip install jupyter\r\nsudo apt-get install -y python-seaborn python-pandas python3-pandas\r\nsudo apt-get install -y ttf-bitstream-vera\r\n\r\nsudo pip3 install jupyter\r\nsudo ipython3 kernelspec install-self\r\njupyter notebook --generate-config\r\njupyter notebook password # this will prompt you for a password\r\n\r\n\r\n#add jupyter to crontab\r\necho &quot;@reboot pi \/usr\/local\/bin\/jupyter notebook --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser --notebook-dir=\/home\/pi &amp;gt;&amp;gt; \/tmp\/jupyter.out 2&amp;gt;&amp;gt; \/tmp\/jupyter.err&quot; | sudo tee -a \/etc\/cron.d\/jupyter\r\n\r\n#setup the RTC\r\necho &quot;i2c-bcm2708&quot; | sudo tee -a \/etc\/modules\r\nsudo modprobe i2c:mcp7941x\r\necho &quot;@reboot root echo mcp7941x 0x6f &amp;gt; \/sys\/class\/i2c-adapter\/i2c-1\/new_device; ( sleep 2; hwclock -s ) &amp;amp;&quot; | sudo tee -a \/etc\/cron.d\/rtc\r\n\r\n\r\n#get the cayenne module\r\nwget https:\/\/github.com\/FEEprojects\/cayennelpp-python\/releases\/download\/v1.0.0\/simplecayennelpp-1.0.0.tar.gz\r\n#install it\r\npip3 install simplecayennelpp-1.0.0.tar.gz\r\n#get the plantower module\r\nwget https:\/\/github.com\/FEEprojects\/plantower\/releases\/download\/v0.0.2\/plantower-0.0.2.tar.gz\r\npip3 install plantower-0.0.2.tar.gz\r\n#get the dragino lib and install\r\nwget https:\/\/github.com\/computenodes\/dragino\/releases\/download\/v0.0.2\/dragino-0.0.2.tar.gz\r\npip3 install dragino-0.0.2.tar.gz\r\nsudo reboot\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Once the node has rebooted make sure it has the correct time (If it&#8217;s connected to a network it will do this automatically). Then run:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\nsudo hwclock -w\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>This sets the time on the hardware RTC so the Pi knows the time when it boots even without GPS or network connections.<\/p>\n<h2>The Things Network Setup<\/h2>\n<p>We use The Things Network to transfer the data from the device to Cayenne for viewing. This also requires setting up which can be done with the following steps. For more information please read The Things Network documentation.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Register at The Things Network <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsnetwork.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.thethingsnetwork.org\/.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Create a new application<\/li>\n<li>On the integrations tab for the application add `Cayenne&#8217;.<\/li>\n<li>Register a device in the application. Make sure that it generates the `Device EUI&#8217; and `App Key&#8217;.<\/li>\n<li>Edit the setting for the device to change `Activation Method&#8217; to `ABP&#8217;. (You can use OTAA but for simplicity of the workshop we used ABP).<\/li>\n<li>Download an example config file for the dragino from <a href=\"https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/computenodes\/dragino\/master\/dragino.ini.default\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/computenodes\/dragino\/master\/dragino.ini.default<\/a> save it to `\/home\/pi\/dragino.ini&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>Fill in the devadddr, nwskey, and appskey from The Things Network<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Having done the above steps your config file should look similar but not identical to the following (The devaddr, nwskey and appskey lines will be different:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n#GPS configuration\r\ngps_baud_rate = 9600\r\ngps_serial_port = &quot;\/dev\/serial0&quot;\r\ngps_serial_timeout = 1\r\ngps_wait_period = 10\r\n\r\n#LoRaWAN configuration\r\nspreading_factor = 7\r\nmax_power = &quot;0x0F&quot;\r\noutput_power = &quot;0x0E&quot;\r\nsync_word = 0x34\r\nrx_crc = True\r\n#Where to store the frame count\r\nfcount_filename = &quot;\/home\/pi\/.lora_fcount&quot;\r\n\r\n##Valid auth modes are ABP or OTAA\r\n##All values are hex arrays eg devaddr = 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04\r\nauth_mode = &quot;abp&quot;\r\ndevaddr = 0x26, 0x01, 0x19, 0xA9\r\nnwskey = 0x4A, 0xE5, 0x3B, 0x8E, 0x1B, 0x4C, 0x24, 0x7C, 0x07, 0xA3, 0x52, 0x38, 0x3A, 0x28, 0x1F, 0xCD\r\nappskey = 0x02, 0x1D, 0x25, 0xF1, 0x92, 0xCE, 0x2B, 0xA2, 0x89, 0x8F, 0x29, 0x18, 0x43, 0xA9, 0x00, 0x1E\r\n\r\n#auth_mode = &quot;otaa&quot;\r\n#deveui =\r\n#appeui =\r\n#appkey =\r\n<\/pre>\n<h2>Cayenne Setup<\/h2>\n<p>In order to visualise the data you will also need an account on Cayenne <a href=\"https:\/\/cayenne.mydevices.com\/cayenne\/dashboard\/start\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cayenne.mydevices.com\/cayenne\/dashboard\/start<\/a>. Having created the account you need to add the device. To do this follow these steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Click Add New&#8230; Device\/Widget<\/li>\n<li>Select `LoRa from the list<\/li>\n<li>Select `The Things Network&#8217; from the expanded list<\/li>\n<li>A new list now appears on the right, scroll down and select `Cayenne LPP&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>Copy the DevEUI from the things network and change the Name if you wish<\/li>\n<li>Click `Add device&#8217;.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1>Workshop Code<\/h1>\n<p>Finally we are at the point where we can write the code that was used in the workshop. Connect to the Jupyter notebook, the exact address for this will depend on your network but it may be available at http:\/\/raspberrypi:8888.<br \/>\nThe code created is as follows:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\nfrom dragino import Dragino # import the module required for GPS and LoRaWAN\r\nfrom simplecayennelpp import CayenneLPP # import the module required to pack the format cayenne expects\r\nfrom plantower import Plantower # import the module to speak to the PM sensor\r\nfrom time import sleep # import sleep so can wait between polling the sensor\r\nsensor = Plantower()\r\ndataList = &#x5B;]\r\nfor i in range(10):\r\n    data = sensor.read()\r\n    dataList.append(data.gr03um)\r\n    sleep(1)\r\naverage_reading = sum(dataList) \/ len(dataList)\r\n\r\nD = Dragino(&quot;\/home\/pi\/dragino.ini&quot;) # Set up the dragino HAT\r\nmy_position = D.get_gps()\r\nlpp = CayenneLPP()\r\nlpp.addAnalogInput(1, round(average_reading))\r\nlapp.addGPS(2, my_position.latitude, my_position.longitude, myposition.altitude)\r\nD.send_bytes(list(lpp.getBuffer()))\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>If you find any mistakes in these instructions or they become out of date please comment below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At EMF camp 2018 we ran three workshops in order to improve people&#8217;s understanding of air quality. The workshop details can be found at https:\/\/www.emfcamp.org\/line-up\/2018\/180-air-quality-sensor-devices-build-program-and-test. Here are the details needed to recreate the workshop. The workshop was designed to be suitable for anyone with no prior experience using a Raspberry Pi, however, the setup steps<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/2018\/09\/05\/emf-camp-2018-air-quality-lorawan-workshop\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">EMF camp 2018 Air Quality LoRaWAN workshop<\/span> <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,2,8,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gps","category-lorawan","category-raspberry-pi","category-sensors","col-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=285"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":321,"href":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285\/revisions\/321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/computenodes.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}