Symbols are arbitrary; they have no direct association with what they 
represent so they are not self explanatory. They only take on the 
meanings that we give them and so they must be 'grounded' into 
perceptual categories which will be easily recognised and understood 
by those using the symbol system.
If all you are given is symbols you will not find their meaning by 
looking at more symbols. This is analogous to trying to learn to 
speak chinese from a chinese to chinese dictionary, the symbols are 
meaningless untill you have been told what they represent, and these 
meanings must follow an agreed convention: it is no good having a 
symbol that represents something to one person and something totally 
different to another.
The meaning of a symbol is in the mind of the interpreter so in order 
to know that a symbol means the same thing to two people an analogous 
image must be provided. For instance, it is no good knowing the 
chinese word for dictionary if you do not know that the word refers 
to a dictionary, you must form a perceptual link between the symbol 
and the object.
The problem is to not ground symbols in more symbols, instead they 
must be placed in perceptual categories.
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