As far as I am aware, there is no ‘pre defined conditions’ needed. Bioluminescence happens in tropical waters and even in Arctic waters and in the deep oceans where temperatures are much cooler. For some organisms (such as dinoflagellates) they just require physical stimulation (sailing, waves crashing) and this is enough to catalyse the reaction causing the production of light (as a photon).
There is a wonderful image I have seen of bioluminesence under the ice in Svalbard, I will see if I can find it for you.
I’m looking forward to getting more examples to share with my students. I have come across bioluminescence whilst sailing in the summer – what is the combination of conditions needed to produce it? I’m assuming it was to be warm enough and enough light for the dinoflagellates?
thanks
Alison
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